Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies in the systematic review
| Study | Design | Sample size and cohort description | Type of BB | Relative Risk* | Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short (2011)
[8] |
Retrospective Cohort |
5,977 COPD patients in Scotland |
Cardio-selective |
0.78 (0.67-0.92) |
CAD and Respiratory disease, age, sex, diabetes, smoking, FEV1, cardiovascular drugs |
| Au (2004)
[6] |
Retrospective Cohort |
1966-Veteran Affairs Cohort with COPD |
Not specified |
0.57 (0.33-0.89) |
Comorbidity, age, history of COPD, bronchodilators, smoking, coronary artery disease, diabetes |
| Dransfield (2008)
[5] |
Retrospective Cohort |
825 subjects admitted to hospital for COPD |
Not specified |
0.39 (0.14-0.99) |
Age, CHD, CHF, Liver disease, COPD exacerbations, malignancy, smoking, FEV |
| Rutten (2007)
[9] |
Retrospective Cohort |
Electronic records of 2,230 patients with COPD in the Netherlands |
Selective and non-selective |
0.68 (95% -0.56-0.83), for all BBs: 0.67 (0.55-0.83) for B1 selective BBs. 0.82 (0.61-1.10) for non-selective BBs |
Age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, CAD, CVD drugs, pulmonary drugs |
| Gottlieb (1998)
[11] |
Retrospective Cohort |
41,814 COPD subjects with previous history of myocardial infarction |
Not specified |
0.60 (0.57-0.63) |
Not specified |
| Staszewsky (2007)
[12] |
Retrospective Cohort |
628 subjects with class II-IV Heart Failure and COPD |
Not specified |
0.55 (0.37-0.82) |
Not specified |
| Van Gestel (2008)
[13] |
Retrospective Cohort |
1,205 with vascular disease and COPD in Netherlands |
Cardio-selective |
0.73 (0.60-0.88) |
Age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, renal function, smoking, BMI, CAD, FEV1, cardiovascular drugs |
| Chen (2001)
[14] |
Retrospective Cohort |
43,974 subjects with previous history of myocardial infarction and COPD or Asthma |
Not specified |
0.86 (0.73-1.0) |
Age, gender, co-morbidities, CAD, cardiovascular drugs, physician speciality |
| Hawkins (2009) [15] | Retrospective Cohort | 1,258 patients with COPD and previous history of MI | Not specified | 0.74 (0.68-0.80) | Not specified |
* = Relative risk and 95% confidence interval for beta-blocker use and mortality in COPD.