Figure 5. Synergistic induction of AvBD9 with acetate, propionate, and butyrate in chicken HD11 cells (A) and primary monocytes (B).

Cells were incubated with acetate, propionate, and butyrate alone or in combinations for 24 h, followed by real-time RT-PCR analysis of AvBD9 expression. Data shown are means ± standard errors from 3 independent experiments. The bars without common superscript letters denote significance (P<0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test).