Fig. 1.

Intratumoral delivery of Poly(I:C) and CpG in combination with adoptive T-cell transfer enhances the survival of mice with established s.c. melanoma. In vivo survival experiments were conducted as described in “Materials and methods”. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that a the survival of mice bearing established s.c. melanoma was significantly enhanced when Poly(I:C) and CpG were delivered i.t. in combination with i.v. ATI (*P < 0.001 relative to T cells alone group; Log-Rank (Mantel–Cox) test; data compiled from four independent experiments). b Loss of host responsiveness to CpG had a detrimental effect on therapy, with MyD88^−/− mice dying significantly earlier than treated, wild-type controls (P = 0.025; data compiled from two independent experiments). c Complete tumor responses, durable > 50 days, were accompanied by the formation of immunological memory, with mice exhibiting enhanced survival kinetics when rechallenged with B16F10 s.c. in the contralateral flank (data collected in one experiment)