. 2012 Nov 16;3:193. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00193

Table 1.

Oxidation of PAH trans-dihydrodiols by human AKRs.

PAH trans-dihydrodiols	ARK1A1	ARK1B1	ARK1B10	ARK1C1	ARK1C2	ARK1C3	ARK1C4	AKR7A2	AKR7A3

	k_cat/K_m (mM⁻¹ min⁻¹)
Naphthalene-1,2-diol	10.4^a	NA	NA	151^b	100^b	6.4^b	32.7^b	NA	NA
NON-K-REGION DIHYDRODIOLS
Phenanthrene-1,2-diol	17.9^a	NA	NA	ND^b				NA	NA
Chrysene-1,2-diol	15.5^a	NA	NA	ND^b	7.03^b	4.26^b	10^b	NA	NA
Benz[a]anthracene-3,4-diol	(−) 68.1^a	NA	(+) 12.8^d	9.5^b	17.6^b	18.0^b	32.2^b	NA	NA
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol	(−) 29.6^a	(+) 10.3^d	(+) 2.36^d	22.6^b	53.3^b	24.7^b	16.7^b	ND^c	ND^c
METHYLATED DERIVATIVES
7-Methylbenz[a]anthracene-3,4-diol	(+) 85.8^a	NA	NA	4.8^b	49.5^b	30.1^b	46.9^b	NA	NA
12-Methylbenz[a]-anthracene-3,4-diol	ND^a	NA	NA	ND				NA	NA
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-3,4-diol	(−) 97.1^a	NA	2.7^d	7.4^b	46.8^b	19.7^b	185^b	NA	NA
5-Methylchrysene-7,8-diol	130^a	NA	NA	12.4^b	28.8^b	9.0^b	35.2^b	NA	NA
K-REGION DIHYDRODIOLS
Phenanthrene-9,10-diol	ND^a	NA	NA	ND^b				NA	NA
Benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-diol	ND^a	NA	NA	ND^b				NA	NA
FJORD-REGION DIHYDRODIOLS
Benzo[c]phenanthrene-3,4-diol	11.8^a	NA	1.5^d	ND^b	4.3^b	6.6^b	8.2^b	NA	NA
Benzo[g]chrysene-11,12-diol	11.3^a	NA	9.55^d	4.5^b	4.9^b	23^b	165^b	NA	NA

^aPalackal et al., 2001, ^b2002, ^cShultz et al., 2011, ^dQuinn et al., 2008; ND: not detected; + or – in parenthesis, stereospecificity of AKR to the PAH trans-dihydrodiols where no parenthesis exist the AKR isoform oxidizes both isomers of the racemic mixture.