Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of NIH-AARP participants according to consumption of total added sugar, regular soft drink and diet soft drink1
| Category | Total added sugar
|
Regular soft drink
|
Diet soft drink
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 5 | Never | Quintile 1 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 5 | Never | Quintile 1 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 5 | |
| Men (n = 284 076) | |||||||||||
| Median intake2 | 3.3 | 9.3 | 25.1 | 0 | 12.1 | 77.0 | 537.2 | 0 | 17.2 | 168.7 | 820.4 |
| No. of participants | 56874 | 56743 | 56827 | 146869 | 25745 | 27987 | 27595 | 164119 | 24772 | 24498 | 24342 |
| Age (y) | 62.5 ± 5.3 3 | 62.5 ± 5.3 | 61.3 ± 5.5 | 62.3 ± 5.3 | 63.2 ± 5.1 | 62.2 ± 5.4 | 60.5 ± 5.5 | 62.3 ± 5.4 | 63.1 ± 5.1 | 62.4 ± 5.2 | 60.4 ± 5.4 |
| African American (%) | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Education (% > college degree) | 50.7 | 48.3 | 34.2 | 49.9 | 46.5 | 41.7 | 33.8 | 41.5 | 54.3 | 51.2 | 47.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 4.2 | 27.0 ± 4.1 | 27.1 ± 4.3 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | 26.0 ± 3.7 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 27.1 ± 4.3 | 26.6 ± 4.0 | 27.0 ± 4.0 | 27.6 ± 3.9 | 28.7 ± 4.6 |
| Physical activity (%≥ 5 times/week) | 21.8 | 22.0 | 20.3 | 24.0 | 21.6 | 18.1 | 18.5 | 20.3 | 25.2 | 22.8 | 22.3 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 7.5 | 8.8 | 17.3 | 7.6 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 17.4 | 13.2 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 8.4 |
| Diet | |||||||||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1446.1 ± 626.7 | 1960.5 ± 661.1 | 2741.8 ± 930.8 | 1904.6 ± 786.3 | 1929.6 ± 803.5 | 2075.3 ± 829.4 | 2555.7 ± 978.7 | 2109.7 ± 883.6 | 1777.4 ± 716.7 | 1840.1 ± 704.0 | 2087.3 ± 863.2 |
| Total fat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 31.6 ± 9.4 | 33.7 ± 8.3 | 34.6 ± 8.0 | 32.8 ± 8.7 | 33.2 ± 9.0 | 35.2 ± 8.0 | 33.0 ± 7.9 | 33.9 ± 8.5 | 31.0 ± 8.4 | 33.1 ± 8.0 | 34.7 ± 8.9 |
| Saturated fat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 10.5 ± 3.2 | 11.3 ± 3.2 | 10.1 ± 3.3 | 10.5 ± 3.6 | 11.2 ± 3.2 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 10.8 ± 3.4 | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 10.1 ± 3.0 | 10.8 ± 3.3 |
| Red meat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 36.3 ± 24.0 | 36.8 ± 21.5 | 38.6 ± 20.5 | 36.1 ± 22.5 | 34.3 ± 21.5 | 39.6 ± 21.0 | 39.6 ± 20.6 | 37.4 ± 21.7 | 32.3 ± 20.8 | 37.2 ± 21.3 | 41.3 ± 24.1 |
| Total folate (mcg/1000 kcal per day) | 248.3 ± 77.2 | 232.4 ± 62.9 | 188.3 ± 51.9 | 238.9 ± 68.7 | 232.6 ± 69.3 | 217.0 ± 58.5 | 179.4 ± 53.0 | 217.0 ± 66.8 | 248.5 ± 70.5 | 238.9 ± 63.3 | 224.6 ± 64.7 |
| Alcohol (g/day)4 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 2.8 |
| Multivitamin (%) | 53.2 | 53.4 | 48.8 | 55.2 | 51.4 | 49.6 | 46.6 | 49.8 | 56.8 | 55.7 | 55.3 |
| Women (n = 203 846) | |||||||||||
| Median intake2 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 19.4 | 0 | 7.4 | 44.5 | 469.4 | 0 | 11.7 | 160.4 | 816.2 |
| No. of participants | 40744 | 40812 | 40788 | 130513 | 13720 | 12824 | 14541 | 103991 | 19908 | 21800 | 18213 |
| Age (y) | 62.2 ± 5.4 | 62.0 ± 5.4 | 61.2 ± 5.5 | 62.0 ± 5.4 | 62.8 ± 5.2 | 62.0 ± 5.4 | 60.1 ± 5.4 | 62.2 ± 5.4 | 62.7 ± 5.2 | 61.9 ± 5.3 | 60.2 ± 5.4 |
| African American (%) | 3.4 | 4.1 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 11.9 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 2.9 |
| Education (% > college degree) | 32.8 | 33.1 | 23.4 | 33.0 | 31.1 | 26.3 | 21.5 | 28.3 | 34.9 | 32.3 | 29.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 5.6 | 26.4 ± 5.6 | 27.1 ± 6.2 | 26.6 ± 5.8 | 25.2 ± 5.5 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | 27.5 ± 6.3 | 25.9 ± 5.9 | 26.0 ± 5.2 | 27.1 ± 5.6 | 28.3 ± 6.3 |
| Physical activity (%≥ 5 times/week) | 17.3 | 17.2 | 13.9 | 18.1 | 16.5 | 13.4 | 11.3 | 15.9 | 20.0 | 16.6 | 14.9 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 14.6 | 11.9 | 20.3 | 12.3 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 24.7 | 17.4 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 16.8 |
| Diet | |||||||||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1066.5 ± 395.4 | 1525.2 ± 476.8 | 2181.7 ± 744.7 | 1497.1 ± 609.7 | 1513.4 ± 609.5 | 1623.6 ± 647.4 | 2017.1 ± 802.5 | 1636.1 ± 691.2 | 1395.2 ± 550.3 | 1481.6 ± 573.0 | 1626.1 ± 692.4 |
| Total fat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 32.5 ± 9.4 | 33.0 ± 8.4 | 33.9 ± 8.3 | 32.5 ± 8.7 | 33.3 ± 8.8 | 35.2 ± 8.2 | 32.9 ± 8.3 | 33.5 ± 8.9 | 30.9 ± 8.3 | 32.7 ± 8.0 | 34.6 ± 8.8 |
| Saturated fat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 9.7 ± 3.4 | 10.2 ± 3.2 | 10.9 ± 3.3 | 10.0 ± 3.2 | 10.4 ± 3.5 | 11.1 ± 3.3 | 10.5 ± 3.2 | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 10.7 ± 3.3 |
| Red meat (g/1000 kcal per day) | 29.8 ± 21.2 | 28.7 ± 18.9 | 29.3 ± 17.8 | 28.3 ± 19.4 | 26.0 ± 17.9 | 31.1 ± 18.7 | 32.3 ± 18.6 | 28.5 ± 19.1 | 25.2 ± 17.6 | 29.7 ± 18.2 | 33.8 ± 21.3 |
| Total folate (mcg/1000 kcal per day) | 265.8 ± 81.6 | 248.3 ± 64.4 | 201.6 ± 56.6 | 251.5 ± 71.1 | 250.2 ± 70.2 | 232.2 ± 61.9 | 183.8 ± 56.5 | 235.6 ± 73.7 | 260.6 ± 71.2 | 249.3 ± 63.7 | 233.2 ± 66.5 |
| Alcohol (g/day)4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Multivitamin (%) | 60.3 | 62.5 | 58.5 | 62.9 | 60.2 | 58.0 | 54.1 | 58.9 | 64.8 | 63.9 | 60.7 |
1
P for trend < 0.01 for all variables except red meat intake across categories of total added sugar consumption in women (P=0.36) and physical activity across categories of diet soft drink consumption in women (P=0.35), according to the Cochran-Armitage tests for categorical variables and the t test for slope in linear regression models for continuous variables.
2
Total added sugar (teaspoons/day), regular/diet soft drink (grams/day).
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).
4
Median intake.