Table 3.
Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for pancreatic cancer according to consumption of regular soft drink and diet soft drink
| Never drinkers | Quintiles of drinkers
|
P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| Total soft drink | |||||||
| Median intake (range)1 | 0 | 11.8 (0.1–17.2) | 27.2 (17.3–74.4) | 105.5 (74.5–170.9) | 261.7 (171.0–354.4) | 816.9 (354.5–4974.1) | |
| Cases/person-years | 147/418 382 | 224/609 117 | 237/674 387 | 207/575 404 | 241/628 993 | 202/614 806 | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted RR | 1.0 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.27) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) | 1.21 (0.99, 1.49) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | 0.19 |
| Multivariate RR2 | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.50) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 0.95 |
| Multivariate RR, 2 year lag3 | 1.0 | 1.15 (0.91, 1.46) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.44) | 1.32 (1.04, 1.66) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.49) | 0.35 |
| Regular soft drink | |||||||
| Median intake (range)1 | 0 | 12.0 (0.1–12.9) | 27.0 (13.0–32.4) | 76.6 (32.5–107.9) | 173.8 (108.0–289.9) | 512.8 (290.0–4974.1) | |
| Cases/person-years | 687/2 004 852 | 110/325 440 | 115/286 687 | 119/291 240 | 126/311 158 | 101/301 711 | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted RR | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.24) | 1.15 (0.90, 1.47) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.54) | 1.23 (0.97, 1.56) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) | 0.15 |
| Multivariate RR2 | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.24) | 1.14 (0.89, 1.45) | 1.20 (0.94, 1.53) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.49) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) | 0.76 |
| Multivariate RR, 2 year lag3 | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.80, 1.38) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.57) | 1.24 (0.95, 1.63) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.51) | 0.60 |
| Diet soft drink | |||||||
| Median intake (range)1 | 0 | 15.9 (0.1–26.3) | 74.4 (26.4–76.9) | 167.9 (77.0–258.9) | 350.9 (259.0–494.4) | 816.9 (494.5–4897.6) | |
| Cases/person-years | 716/927 936 | 137/360 163 | 86/280 990 | 99/310 106 | 118/325 501 | 102/316 392 | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted RR | 1.0 | 1.14 (0.90, 1.43) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.24) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.49) | 1.14 (0.89, 1.47) | 0.46 |
| Multivariate RR2 | 1.0 | 1.23 (0.97, 1.55) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.56) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.44) | 0.68 |
| Multivariate RR, 2 year lag3 | 1.0 | 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.35) | 1.00 (0.75, 1.34) | 1.35 (1.03, 1.77) | 1.25 (0.94, 1.66) | 0.19 |
Grams/day.
Standard multivariable Cox regression models using age as the underlying time metric adjusted for sex, race (Caucasian; Black; Hispanic; Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian/Alaskan Native; and missing), education (≤ 11 years, 12 years or completed high school, post-high school or some college, college or post-graduate, and missing), BMI (kg/m2, <18.5, 18.5 – <25, 25 – <30, 30 – <35, ≥ 35, and missing), alcohol (quintiles), smoking (never, quit ≥ 10 years, quit 5 through 9 years ago; quit 1 through 4 years ago, quit < 1 year ago or current and smoked ≤ 20 or > 20 cigarettes/day; and missing), physical activity (never, rarely, <3 times/month, 1–2 times/week, 3–4 times/week, ≥5 times/week, and missing), energy adjusted red meat (quintiles), energy adjusted folate (quintiles) and total energy (continuous). Regular soft drink and diet soft drink were mutually adjusted.
Analysis excluded the first two years of follow-up. Cases/person-years in lag analysis: 657 cases/1 478 664 person-years (men) and 357 cases/1 078 172 person-years(women).