Table 3.
Primary results showing adjusted means by study quadrant and tests of hypotheses for neighborhood income and walkability and the interaction unadjusted for “reasons for moving here” scale.
| Outcome | Adjusted Means (SE)A | Tests of Hypotheses (p-values) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Walkability/Low Income | Low Walkability/High Income | High Walkability/Low Income | High Walkability/High Income | Income X Walkability Interaction | Income Main Effect | Walkability Main Effect | |
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity (min/day) | 28.5 (1.6) | 29.0 (1.6) | 33.4 (1.6) | 35.7 (1.6) | .57 | .36 | .0002 |
| Transport walking (antilog min/week) | 15.6 (1.2) | 10.5 (1.2) | 36.2 (1.2) | 53.5 (1.2) | .027 | .97 | <.0001 |
| Leisure walking (antilog min/week) | 13.3 (1.1) | 15.0 (1.1) | 16.4 (1.1) | 21.1 (1.1) | .54 | .11 | .012 |
| BMI3 | 27.4 ( .33) | 26.9 (.33) | 27.5 (.33) | 26.0 (.33) | .12 | .003 | .16 |
| Physical QoL | 52.6 ( .38) | 53.4 (.38) | 52.0 (.39) | 53.3 (.38) | .48 | .006 | .36 |
| Mental QoL | 50.7 ( .44) | 50.3 (.45) | 49.3 (.46) | 50.5 (.45) | .067 | .36 | .20 |
| Neighborhood satisfaction | 3.54 ( .10) | 3.80 (.10) | 3.50 (.10) | 4.10 (.10) | .070 | <.0001 | .18 |
| CES-D Depression | 9.25 ( .43) | 8.91 (.43) | 10.27 (.44) | 9.07 (.43) | .28 | .079 | .17 |
| Social cohesion | 3.41 ( .07) | 3.74 (.07) | 3.47 (.07) | 3.84 (.07) | .80 | <.0001 | .24 |
| Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) | |||||||
| % overweight or obese (≥ 25.0 BMI) (57.0% prevalence overall) | 1.65 (1.21, 2.25) (63.1%) | 1.53 (1.13, 2.07) (60.4%) | 1.38 (1.24, 2.29) (56.8%) | 1.00 (ref) (48.2%) | .26 | .081 | .007 |
| % obese (≥ 30.0 BMI) (21.3% prevalence overall) | 1.86 (1.21, 2.85) (28.2%) | 1.45 (0.95, 2.22) (19.6%) | 1.83 (1.19, 2.81) (23.9%) | 1.00 (ref) (14.2%) | .23 | .007 | .22 |
Note: There were no interactions with site
A
All models were adjusted for gender, age, education, ethnicity, # motor vehicles/adult in household, site, marital status, number of people in household, and length of time at current address. In addition, neighborhood clustering was adjusted for in all models. For MVPA, the IPAQ variables, BMI and overweight/obesity status, time was adjusted for to account for repeated measures.