Table 3.

Change in learning effect and mechanism factor selected for each of the subset of uncommon assessment factor–learning effect associations investigated in this study. Each item pair investigated the association between one assessment factor, one learning effect and all 10 mechanism factors. For each item pair, the manifestation of the assessment factor varied from one scenario to the other. Each association investigated is depicted in the relevant cell in the table. Three sets of data are provided for each association: (i) the number of respondents who provided a complete response; (ii) LrnΔ: the χ² statistic (d.f. = 1 for all) and associated p-value were calculated based on the frequency at which respondents selected the learning effect considered most likely to vary for the two variants of each scenario (*p-value significant at p < 0.00625), and (iii) MchΔ: the number (and percentage) of respondents who changed their choice of mechanism factor from one scenario to the other within the item pair

	Learning effects
		Metacognitive regulation activities
Assessment factors	Nature of cognitive processing activities	Allocation of effort: choice to learn	Quantity of effort	Distribution of effort	Choice of resources	Choice of content	Monitoring and adjustment strategies	Persistence with learning
Task demands
Assessment criteria	n = 75 LrnΔχ2 = 11.79 p = 0.0006* MchΔ 34/75 (45.3%)		n = 82 LrnΔχ2 = 0.75 p = 0.3879 MchΔ 28/82 (34.1%)		n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 2.54 p = 0.1108 MchΔ 50/83 (60.2%)
Nature of assessable material		n = 74 LrnΔχ2 = 8.76 p = 0.0031* MchΔ 23/74 (31.1%)	n = 74 LrnΔχ2 = 26.27 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 40/74 (54.1%)	n = 75 LrnΔχ2 = 20.55 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 40/75 (53.3%)	n = 84 LrnΔχ2 = 45.56 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 57/84 (67.9%)	n = 75 LrnΔχ2 = 18.03 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 33/75 (44.0%)
Lecturer cues				n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 6.76 p = 0.0093 MchΔ 34/83 (41.0%)
Cues from student grapevine			n = 82 LrnΔχ2 = 80.08 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 55/82 (67.1%)		n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 56.13 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 44/83 (53.0%)		n = 77 LrnΔχ2 = 6.85 p = 0.0089 MchΔ 33/77 (42.9%)
Lack of cues					n = 75 LrnΔχ2 = 5.51 p = 0.0189 MchΔ 29/75 (38.7%)	n = 76 LrnΔχ2 = 1.42 p = 0.2335 MchΔ 19/76 (25.0%)		n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 9.82 p = 0.0017* MchΔ 39/83 (47.0%)
System design
Imminence of assessment		n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 122.11 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 74/83 (89.2%)					n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 15.99 p = 0.0001* MchΔ 37/83 (44.6%)	n = 83 LrnΔχ2 = 33.09 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 54/83 (65.1%)
Pattern of scheduling						n = 74 LrnΔχ2 = 0.32 p = 0.5690 MchΔ 28/74 (37.8%)
Prevailing workload							n = 75 LrnΔχ2 = 0.03 p = 0.8618 MchΔ 32/75 (42.7%)	n = 82 LrnΔχ2 = 18.33 p < 0.0001* MchΔ 47/82 (57.3%)