. 2012 Nov;85(1019):1507–1512. doi: 10.1259/bjr/32269440

Table 1. Apparent diffusion coefficient values measured in normal liver at 1.5 T.

Reference	Mean ADC (10⁻³ mm² s⁻¹)	Standard deviation	Range	Number of subjects	b-values (s mm⁻²)	Comments
Taouli et al [10]	1.60	0.13	1.44–1.88	10 v	0, 500	Conventional
	1.52	0.15	1.28–180			With parallel imaging
	1.51	0.21	1.27–1.99			Diffusion tensor/parallel imaging
Mürtz et al [11]	0.92–0.96^a	0.09–0.14	0.62–1.20	12 v	50, 300, 700, 1000, 1300	Pulse triggered
Mürtz et al [11]	1.03–1.14	0.22–0.40	0.67–2.57	12 v	50, 300, 700, 1000, 1300	Non-triggered
Kim et al [12]	1.05/1.02^b	0.30/0.25		6 v/126 p	3, 57, 192, 408, 517, 850
	1.55/1.16	0.37/0.42			3, 57, 192, 408, 192, 408
	4.8/3.55	2.37/1.75			3, 57
Ichikawa et al [13]	2.28	1.23		46 p	1.6, 55
Taouli et al [14]	1.83	0.36	1.4–2.55	66 p	0, 500
Taouli et al [14]	1.51	0.49	1.12–2.71	66 p	0, 134, 267, 400
Kwee et al [15]	1.60/1.62/1.57^c	0.14/0.18/0.15		11 v	0, 500	Breath-hold
	2.13/2.27/2.07	0.33/0.47/0.43				Respiratory triggered
	1.65/1.62/1.65	0.09/0.16/0.17				Free breathing (7 mm slice)
	1.64/1.66/1.57	0.13/0.11/0.19				Free breathing (5 mm slice)
Yamada et al [16]	0.87	0.26		78 p	30, 300, 900,1100	ADC
Yamada et al [16]	0.76	0.27		78 p	30, 300, 900,1100	Diffusion coefficient (DC)
Müller et al [17]	1.39	0.16		10 v+9 p	8 b-values; b_max 328–454
Namimato et al [18]	0.69	0.31		51 p	30, 1200
This study	1.04	0.05	0.95–1.11	10 v	100, 200, 500, 750, 1000	Free breathing

ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; p, patients; v, volunteers.

In studies including patients, only ADC values relating to measurements performed in normal liver are quoted here.

^aValue range for 3 directions.

^bVolunteers/patients.

^cEach sequence repeated three times.