Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects by level of cognitive status (n = 836)a,b
| No impairment | Mild impairment | Moderate impairment | Severe impairment | F/Z | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 290 (34.69) | 118 (14.11) | 114 (13.64) | 314 (37.56) | ||
| MMSE | 27.72 ± 1.90 | 20.47 ± 1.74 | 13.68 ± 2.29 | 2.00 ± 0.99 | 6014.87 | <0.001 |
| Age | 91.24 ± 7.81 | 94.63 ± 7.70 | 95.23 ± 6.65 | 98.86 ± 5.76 | 60.99 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 129 (44.48) | 28 (23.73) | 20 (17.54) | 60 (19.11) | −6.91 | <0.001 |
| Female | 161 (55.52) | 90 (76.27) | 94 (82.46) | 254 (80.89) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Minority | 87 (30) | 9 (7.63) | 6 (5.26) | 7 (2.23) | −9.94 | <0.001 |
| Han | 203 (70) | 109 (92.37) | 108 (94.74) | 307 (97.77) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| No | 214 (74.31) | 101 (85.59) | 106 (92.98) | 292 (93.29) | 6.76 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 74 (25.69) | 17 (14.41) | 8 (7.02) | 21 (6.71) | ||
| Leisure activities | 262 (90.34) | 94 (79.66) | 84 (73.68) | 183 (58.28) | 9.08 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 61 (21.03) | 17 (14.41) | 21 (18.42) | 38 (12.10) | 2.73 | 0.006 |
| Drinking | 49 (16.90) | 16 (13.56) | 16 (14.04) | 45 (14.33) | 0.83 | 0.41 |
| SBP | 144.44 ± 26.91 | 140.12 ± 26.55 | 139.26 ± 24.18 | 140.31 ± 25.86 | 1.83 | 0.14 |
| DBP | 78.98 ± 14.99 | 79.76 ± 17.42 | 79.45 ± 11.98 | 77.45 ± 14.90 | 1.04 | 0.37 |
| FPG | 5.43 ± 2.20 | 5.19 ± 1.07 | 5.37 ± 1.23 | 5.41 ± 1.39 | 0.60 | 0.62 |
| Diabetes | 29 (10.00) | 12 (10.17) | 12 (10.53) | 27 (8.60) | 0.56 | 0.57 |
| Hypertension | 174 (60.00) | 69 (58.47) | 64 (56.14) | 190 (60.51) | −0.07 | 0.94 |
aData listed as n (%) for dichotomous variables, including sex, ethnicity, education, leisure activities, smoking, drinking, diabetes and hypertension, were tested for trend among the four groups using the Chi-square test, with z values were showed. Data listed as mean ± SD for continuous variables, including age, MMSE, SBP, DBP, FPG, were tested for differences among the four groups using analysis of variance, with F values were showed.
bCognitive status was classified into four groups based on the standard classification system.