Exposure to 20-, but not 40-mmHg hydrostatic pressures significantly enhanced sprout formation of BAEC. BAEC on Cytodex beads suspended in collagen gels for 3 days were assessed for their ability to form sprouts (A), including those that were >75 μm (B) in response to protubulogenic stimulation by 2.5 ng/mL FGF2 (white bars) and 2.5 ng/mL VEGF-A (bars with a diagonal line pattern). Bars in (A) and (B) represent mean tube numbers±standard error; n=9. *p<0.017 using paired t-test with Bonferroni's adjustment. For pressure experiments, the total number of sprouts (C) as well as the number of sprouts extending 75 μm (D) from endothelial monolayers after exposure to either 20 or 40 mmHg for 3 days were manually counted per bead for 15 beads, normalized to those of matched controls, and expressed as fold change. Bars in (C) and (D) are mean fold change±standard error; n=4 to 5. #p<0.05 compared to control levels assigned a value of 1 (dashed line) using one-sample t-test.