Table 1.
Longitudinal studies using Echocardiography to estimate LVM as predictor of clinical outcomes
| Author/Year | Population | n | Mean Follow-up | Hypertrophy definition (LVMi) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levy91 | 1990 | FHS, >40 yrs, no CVD | 3,220 | 4 years | >2 SD in reference group |
| Ghali66 | 1992 | CCHDR; cardiac cath for presumed CAD, EF>45%, | 785 | 4 years | > 131g/m2 for men; > 100g/m2 for women |
| Foley96 | 1995 | 6 months survivors from ESRD therapy | 433 | 41 months | > 100 g/m2 in females, > 131 g/m2 in males |
| Liao98 | 1995 | African-Americans underwent cath for presumed CAD | 1,089 | 5 years | >131 g/m2 in men; >100 g/m2 in women |
| Muiesan68 | 1995 | Uncomplicated hypertensive patients | 151 | 10 years | LVMi > 134g/m2 for men; > 110g/m2 for women |
| Muiesan103 | 1998 | Brescia Study; uncomplicated hypertensive patients | 151 | 10 years | > 97th percentile partition of LVMi |
| Verdecchia67 | 1998 | PIUMA; essential hypertensive before therapy, average 48.2years | 430 | 1217 patient- years | >125 g/m2 |
| Quiñones64 | 2000 | SOLVD; CHF patients | 1,172 | 1 year | not used in analysis |
| Sundström92 | 2001 | men at age 70, living in Sweden (Uppsala) | 475 | 5.2 years | ≥150 g/m2 |
| Verdecchia93 | 2001 | MAVI; hypertensive, no CVD, age ≥50 | 1,033 | 3 years | LVM/BSA >125 g/m2 and LVM/height2.7 >51.0 g/m2.7 |
| Verdecchia94 | 2001 | PIUMA; untreated hypertensive without CVD | 2,363 | 5 years | >125 g/m2 |
| Zoccalli77 | 2001 | CREED; ESRD on dialysis | 254 | 29 months | > 97.5th percentile in reference |
| de Simone65 | 2002 | MAVI; hypertensive, age ≥50, no CVD or type 1 diabetes | 1,019 | 35 months | >28% excess in relation to reference population |
| Tsang100 | 2003 | age 65 years, without CVD, from USA (Minnesota) | 1,160 | 3.8 years | LVM/height ≥120 g/m |
| Okin99 | 2004 | SHS; American Indians, age 59 +/−8 years | 2,193 | 3.1 years | > 104 g/m2 in women; 116g/m2 in men |
| Zoccali105 | 2004 | CREED; ESRD on dialysis | 161 | 29 months | Not used |
| Devereux102 | 2004 | LIFE; aged 55 to 80 years, with essential hypertension and EKG showing LVH, during treatment | 941 | 4.6 years | >116 g/m2 in men; > 104 g/m2 in women |
| de Simone75 | 2005 | MAVI; hypertensive, age ≥50, no CVD | 1,019 | 35 months | >95th percentiles of sex-specific normal distributions or prognosis |
| de Simone76 | 2005 | SHS; American Indians, 47 – 80 years, no CVD | 2,400 | 86 months | >95th percentiles of sex-specific distribution a reference sample for each index |
| Eguchi63 | 2007 | uncomplicated hypertensive Japanese | 400 | 63 months | ≥110 g/m2 in women; ≥134 g/m2 in men |
| Muiesan69 | 2007 | Uncomplicated hypertensive patients | 436 | 60 months | > 28% above the predicted based on a reference sample |
| Pierdomenico104 | 2008 | hypertension and LVH by echocardiography, aged 52 ± 10 years | 387 | 2 years | LVMi >50 g/m2.7 in men; >47 g/m2.7 in women |
| de Simone90 | 2008 | CHS; no MI, AFib, or HF | 2,078 | 10 years | > 28% above the predicted based on a reference sample |
| Verma95 | 2008 | VALIANT; CHF post-MI patients | 603 | 24.7 months | > 115 g/m2 for men; > 95 g/m2 for women |
| Yasuno101 | 2009 | CASE-J; high-risk Japanese hypertensive | 1,447 | 3.3 years | >=125 g/m 2 |
| Lai97 | 2011 | CCC; ≥35 years Chinese subjects, without previous cardiovascular events | 2,604 | 14.4 years | cut-off value of 105 g/m2 (highest Youden’s index) |
CAD – coronary artery disease; CHD – congestive heart failure; MI - myocardial infarction; ESRD - end-stage renal disease; FHS - Framingham Heart Study; CV death - cardiovascular death; CVD – cardiovascular disease; CHF - congestive heart failure; TIA - transient ischemic attack; CCHDR - Cook Count Heart Disease Registry; CRV - coronary revascularization; PIUMA - The Progetto Ipertensione Umbria Monitoraggio Ambulatoriale; UHC - University Hospital of Catanzaro; CHS - Cardiovascular Health Study; SOLVD - Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction; MAVI - The Massa Ventricolare sinistra nell’Ipertensione study; CREED - the Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis study; POAD – peripheral occlusive arterial disease; AFib - atrial fibrillation; LIFE - Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension study; IHD - Ischemic heart disease; LVH – LVH; AFib - atrial fibrillation; VALIANT – the valsartan in acute myocardial infarction study; CASE-J - Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan CCC - Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study.