Table 3. Mediating effect of several factors on all-cause mortality and CVD/diabetes mortality among low- and intermediate-income groups.
| Low income | Intermediate income | |||
| HR (95% CI) | % Attenuationb(95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | % Attenuationb(95% CI) | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Model I a | 1.98 (1.37, 2.85) | – | 1.50 (1.10, 2.03) | - |
| +Health behaviors (5 measures) | 1.61 (1.11, 2.33) | 30 (15, 64) | 1.33 (0.99, 1.79) | 30 (11, 131) |
| Diet | 1.93 (1.33, 2.78) | 4 (−1, 13) | 1.48 (1.08, 2.01) | 4 (−2, 20) |
| Physical activity | 1.78 (1.24, 2.57) | 15 (7, 34) | 1.43 (1.06, 1.92) | 12 (4, 48) |
| Smoking | 1.85 (1.28, 2.67) | 10 (4, 24) | 1.44 (1.06, 1.94) | 10 (3, 43) |
| Alcohol | 1.90 (1.32, 2.72) | 6 (−1, 19) | 1.46 (1.08, 1.96) | 7 (−2, 35) |
| BMI | 1.94 (1.35, 2.79) | 1 (−2, 12) | 1.47 (1.09, 1.99) | 4 (−2, 19) |
| +Health insurance | 1.93 (1.32, 2.83) | 3 (−6, 24) | 1.48 (1.09, 2.01) | 3 (−7, 30) |
| +Health status (2 measures) | 1.51 (1.06, 2.17) | 39 (20, 76) | 1.38 (1.04, 1.84) | 20 (4, 70) |
| Self-rated health | 1.68 (1.16, 2.42) | 24 (11, 50) | 1.44 (1.07, 1.95) | 9 (−3, 39) |
| Disabilities | 1.63 (1.14, 2.33) | 28 (13, 55) | 1.42 (1.07, 1.89) | 13 (1, 43) |
| +CRP | 1.94 (1.35, 2.79) | 3 (−4, 12) | 1.50 (1.11, 2.03) | −1 (−15, 10) |
| Full model | 1.33 (0.91, 1.94) | 58 (28, 126) | 1.27 (0.95, 1.71) | 41 (11, 170) |
| CVD/diabetes mortality | ||||
| Model II a | 3.68 (1.64, 8.27) | – | 2.00 (1.11, 3.61) | – |
| +Health behaviors (5 measures) | 2.79 (1.32, 5.92) | 21 (10, 39) | 1.71 (0.98, 2.98) | 22 (7, 90) |
| Diet | 3.66 (1.61,8.30) | 0 (−4, 6) | 1.98 (1.08, 3.62) | 1 (−6, 14) |
| Physical activity | 3.10 (1.44,6.72) | 13 (6, 25) | 1.84 (1.05, 3.24) | 12 (3, 48) |
| Smoking | 3.42 (1.53,7.68) | 5 (1, 13) | 1.91 (1.08, 3.37) | 7 (1, 32) |
| Alcohol | 3.41 (1.56,7.46) | 6 (0, 15) | 1.90 (1.07, 3.38) | 7 (−1, 31) |
| BMI | 3.64(1.60, 8.26) | 1 (−3, 6) | 1.99 (1.09, 3.64) | 0 (−7, 11) |
| +Health insurance | 3.41 (1.44, 8.07) | 6 (−2, 25) | 1.92 (1.05, 3.52) | 6 (−4, 34) |
| +Health status (2 measures) | 2.92 (1.34, 6.40) | 18 (7, 34) | 1.90 (1.08, 3.34) | 8 (−7, 44) |
| Self-rated health | 3.17 (1.44, 6.98) | 11 (4, 25) | 1.94 (1.09, 3.44) | 5 (−3, 25) |
| Disabilities | 3.13 (1.41, 6.93) | 13 (4, 29) | 1.94 (1.08, 3.48) | 4 (−8, 27) |
| +CRP | 3.65 (1.62,8.25) | 1 (−2, 5) | 1.99 (1.10, 3.61) | 0 (−6, 8) |
| Full model | 2.33 (1.05, 5.16) | 35 (16, 68) | 1.61 (0.91, 2.87) | 31 (4, 150) |
a
age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity adjusted.
b
Calculated as: (β Model I – β Model I+mediator(s)) × 100/β Model I for all-cause mortality (β Model II - β Model II+mediator(s)) × 100/β Model II for CVD/diabetes mortality.