Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics
| Heart failure | Healthy | |
|---|---|---|
| Female/Male | 1/10 | 2/9 |
| Age (years) | 61 ± 9 | 61 ± 8 |
| Height (cm) | 178 ± 8 | 175 ± 8 |
| Weight (kg) | 96.8 ± 10.5 | 82.9 ± 10.9 * |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 ± 2.4 | 27.3 ± 4.1 |
| BSA (m2) | 2.15 ± 0.16 | 1.98 ± 0.14 * |
| MAP (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 100 ± 11 * |
| SVR (dyn·s/cm5) | 930 ± 350 | 1363 ± 359 * |
| VO2 max (ml/kg/min) | 19 ± 5.8 | 24.2 ± 4.7 * |
| Maximal workload (W) | 131 ± 42 | 159 ± 39 * |
| Maximal HR (bpm) | 118 ± 30 | 150 ± 24 * |
| Maximal RER | 1.14 ± 0.07 | 1.16 ± 0.03 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 93.6 ± 16.4 | 95.0 ± 16.1 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 91.5 ± 13.3 | 96.7 ± 14.4 |
| Hb (mg/dL) | 14.2 ± 1.0 | 13.4 ± 0.9 |
BMI: body mass index, BSA: body surface area, MAP: mean arterial pressure, SVR: systemic vascular resistance, VO2 max: maximal aerobic capacity, HR: heart rate, RER: respiratory exchange ratio, FVC: forced vital capacity, FEV1: forced expiratory flow in 1 second, Hb: haemoglobin.
*
p < 0.05 between healthy and heart failure.