Table 2.
Ventilatory responses to expiratory loading at rest and during moderate exercise
|
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy | Heart failure | |||||
| S | 5 | 10 | S | 5 | 10 | |
| Rest | ||||||
| Peak exp ITP (cm H2O) | 2.1 ± 3.6 * | 4.2 ± 4.4 | 6.2 ± 4.2 | 3.6 ± 2.0 * | 5.0 ± 1.8 | 7.4 ± 3.2 |
| Peak insp ITP (cm H2O) | −3.7 ± 1.6 * | −6.9 ± 2.9 | −8.7 ± 4.3 | −3.7 ± 2.0 * | −6.4 ± 2.2 | −7.8 ± 3.3 |
| Pg (cm H2O) | 1,4 ± 3,4 | 1,0 ± 3,0 | 0,8 ± 2,6 | 0,5 ± 3,6 | 0,5 ± 3,5 | 0,9 ± 4,1 |
| Tidal volume (L) | 1.33 ± 0.30 * | 1.65 ± 0.44 | 1.60 ± 0.44 | 1.29 ± 0.12 * | 1.67 ± 0.35 | 1.78 ± 0.68 |
| RR (breath/min) | 14.9 ± 3.3 * | 12.0 ± 4.7 | 10.9 ± 5.7 | 15.1 ± 4.1 * | 12.1 ± 4.1 | 10.1 ± 4.1 |
| Exercise | ||||||
| Peak exp ITP (cm H2O) | 3.8 ± 5.0 * | 6.3 ± 5.5 | 8.8 ± 3.9 | 4.4 ± 1.9 * | 7.0 ± 2.2 | 9.3 ± 2.1 |
| Peak insp ITP (cm H2O) | −10.2 ± 4.6 * | −10.9 ± 4.0 | −13.2 ± 3.8 | −7.8 ± 3.4 * | −10.1 ± 3.2 | −11.4 ± 3.4 |
| Pg (cm H2O) | −0,4 ± 0,6 * | −0,5 ± 0,8 | −0,1 ± 0,7 | 0,7 ± 4,5 * | 1,2 ± 4,6 | 1,7 ± 5,0 |
| Tidal volume (L) | 3.07 ± 0.90 * | 3.64 ± 1.28 | 3.45 ± 1.28 | 2.64 ± 0.52 * | 2.98 ± 0.80 | 3.07 ± 0.73 |
| RR (breath/min) | 24.9 ± 6.1 | 24.0 ± 7.8 | 23.9 ± 7.9 | 25.7 ± 5.8 | 22.9 ± 5.3 | 22.2 ± 6.1 |
S: spontaneous breathing, 5: expiratory load of 5 cmH2O, 10: expiratory load of 10 cmH2O, ITP: intrathoracic pressure, Pg: gastric pressure, RR: respiratory rate.
*
main effect for expiratory loading.