Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Patients.*
| Variable | Tight Glycemic Control (N = 490) |
Standard Care (N = 490) |
|---|---|---|
| Enrolled in Boston — no. (%) | 323 (66) | 325 (66) |
| Age at surgery | ||
| Median — mo | 4.3 | 4.9 |
| Interquartile range — mo | 1.8–9.7 | 2.3–10.8 |
| ≤30 days — no. (%) | 99 (20) | 90 (18) |
| Female sex — no. (%) | 241 (49) | 217 (44) |
| Preoperative weight — kg | ||
| Median | 5.3 | 5.7 |
| Interquartile range | 3.7–7.5 | 3.9–7.8 |
| RACHS-1 category — no. (%)† | ||
| 1 | 22 (4) | 33 (7) |
| 2 | 205 (42) | 207 (42) |
| 3 | 157 (32) | 147 (30) |
| 4 | 62 (13) | 60 (12) |
| 5 or 6 | 32 (7) | 29 (6) |
| Not assignable | 12 (2) | 14 (3) |
| Premature — no. (%) | 68 (14) | 71 (14) |
| Chromosomal anomaly — no. (%) | 94 (19) | 98 (20) |
| Noncardiac structural abnormality — no. (%) | 60 (12) | 69 (14) |
| Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass — min | ||
| Median | 104 | 105 |
| Interquartile range | 72–143 | 74–140 |
| Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest — no. (%) | 78 (16) | 77 (16) |
| Highest intraoperative glucose value — mg/dl‡ | ||
| Median | 186 | 192 |
| Interquartile range | 157–230 | 157–232 |
| Intraoperative glucocorticoid therapy — no. (%) | 255 (52) | 247 (50) |
| Intraoperative insulin therapy — no. | 0 | 0 |
| Implant left during surgery — no. (%) | 317 (65) | 320 (65) |
| Delayed sternal closure — no. (%) | 63 (13) | 58 (12) |
| ECMO support — no. (%) | 12 (2) | 12 (2) |
| Postoperative glucocorticoid therapy — no. (%) | 226 (46) | 213 (43) |
*
There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the treatment groups. ECMO denotes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
†
The scale for Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) categories ranges from 1 to 6, with higher categories indicating greater risk.
‡
To convert values for glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05551.