In vivo detection and monitoring of prostate cancer by epifluorescence whole-body optical imaging. A, noninvasive, whole-body epifluorescence optical imaging of 15-, 19-, 24-, and 28-wk-old TRAMP (bottom) and C57BL/6J (top) mice 30 min after tail-vein injection of ZPP1 (2.5 μmol/Kg if one assumes an average weight of 20 g for a 15 wk old mouse). In TRAMP mice, consistent with prostate cancer progression, there was an overall reduction in prostate-associated fluorescence with age, beginning at 19 wk of age. By contrast, the signal in the C57BL/6J mice remained the same (n = 4). Fluorescence efficiency relative to muscle tissue was normalized to 1. Reprinted by permission from the American Association for Cancer Research: S. K. Ghosh, P. Kim, X. A. Zhang, S. H. Yun, A. Moore, S. J. Lippard, Z. Medarova, A Novel Imaging Approach for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Based on Endogenous Zinc Sensing, Cancer Res.
70, 6119–6127 (2010); 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1008.