Table 1.

Total Zn content of vesicles, cells or tissues with elevated levels of the metal

ORGAN AND TISSUE/CELLS	Zn LEVEL (total), FORMS	ASSOCIATED DISEASE	REFERENCES
Pancreas
- β-cells	10–20 mM (in vesicles)	Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes Insulinoma; Pancreatic Ca	[16]
Prostate
- Epithelial/Ductal (Peripheral)	~ 3 – 4.5 mM (3,000 to 4,500 nmol/g normal epithelial tissue) ~ 10 mM (10,000 nmol/g normal prostatic fluid) ~ 2.5 mM (whole prostate)	Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH); Malignant Prostate Cancer (PCa) : (~400–800 nmol/g = 0.4 mM)	[8] [3]
Breast
- Mammary cells	(1 – 3 μg Zn excretion/day during lactation)	Malignant Breast Cancer (BCa)	[3]
Brain/CNS
- Neuropil (gray matter)	Control (normal) = 0.346 mM	Alzheimer’s = 0.786 mM	[15]
- Plaque (Alzheimer’s)	Plaque rim = 1.024 mM Plaque core = 1.327 mM Total senile plaque = 1.055 mM		[15]
Blood (Serum)	12 – 16 μM; (nM level)	Hypozincemia (< 10 μM) Hyperzincemia (>20 μM )	[4, 5]