Table 5.
Insurance and Outcomes by Income in NIS
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninsured | Medicaid | Private | Medicare | Other | CommCare | Length of Stay | Log Length of Stay | Emergency Admit | |
| Patient’s Zip Code in First (Lowest) Income Quartile (28% of sample) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ma* After | −0.0359 [−0.0440,−0.0277]*** | 0.1050 [0.0873,0.1227]*** | −0.0899 [−0.1004,−0.0793]*** | 0.0059 [0.0025,0.0093]*** | 0.0148 [0.0035,0.0260]** | 0.0130 [0.0130,0.0130]*** | 0.0535 [−0.0050,0.1119]* | 0.0158 [0.0071,0.0244]*** | −0.0570 [−0.0703,−0.0436]*** |
| Mean MA Before | 0.0643 | 0.2460 | 0.5631 | 0.1073 | 0.0193 | 0.0000 | 5.6074 | 1.4402 | 0.4665 |
| Patient’s Zip Code in Second Income Quartile (26% of sample) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ma* After | −0.0226 [−0.0309,−0.0143]*** | 0.0447 [0.0305,0.0590]*** | −0.0495 [−0.0595,−0.0396]*** | 0.0148 [0.0113,0.0184]*** | 0.0126 [0.0053,0.0199]*** | 0.0165 [0.0164,0.0165]*** | −0.0941 [−0.1310,−0.0572]*** | −0.0081 [−0.0153,−0.0009]** | −0.0190 [−0.0297,−0.0083]*** |
| Mean MA Before | 0.0643 | 0.2460 | 0.5631 | 0.1073 | 0.0193 | 0.0000 | 5.5681 | 1.4451 | 0.4437 |
| Patient’s Zip Code in Third Income Quartile (23% of sample) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ma* After | −0.0234 [−0.0295,−0.0174]*** | 0.0217 [0.0098,0.0336]*** | −0.0106 [−0.0187,−0.0026]** | 0.0020 [−0.0010,0.0050] | 0.0103 [0.0069,0.0138]*** | 0.0130 [0.0130,0.0130]*** | −0.0890 [−0.1417,−0.0363]*** | 0.0017 [−0.0061,0.0095] | −0.0107 [−0.0392,0.0178] |
| Mean MA Before | 0.0643 | 0.2460 | 0.5631 | 0.1073 | 0.0193 | 0.0000 | 5.3885 | 1.4240 | 0.3671 |
| Patient’s Zip Code in Fourth (Highest) Income Quartile (21% of sample) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ma* After | −0.0059 [−0.0159,0.0042] | 0.0006 [−0.0080,0.0093] | 0.0010 [−0.0116,0.0135] | −0.0007 [−0.0066,0.0051] | 0.0050 [0.0011,0.0089]** | 0.0090 [0.0090,0.0090]*** | −0.0911 [−0.1957,0.0136]* | −0.0185 [−0.0478,0.0108] | 0.0098 [−0.0324,0.0519] |
| Mean MA Before | 0.0643 | 0.2460 | 0.5631 | 0.1073 | 0.0193 | 0.0000 | 5.2333 | 1.4067 | 0.3189 |
95% asymptotic CI clustered by state:
***
Significant at .01,
**
Significant at .05,
*
Significant at .10
MA*During included but coefficient not reported. All specifications and means weighted using discharge weights.
All specifications include hospital fixed effects and time fixed effects for 2004 to 2008, quarterly.
Regressions in this table estimated in the sample of nonelderly discharges. Sample sizes vary across specifications based on availability of dependent variable.
Results for missing gender and income categories not shown.
Source: HCUP NIS 2004–2008 authors’ calculations. See text for more details.