Table 1.
Offspring characteristics according to antecedents of diabetes or metabolic syndrome in their parents compared with healthy parents.
| Variable in offspring | Healthy father and mother n = 114 (1) |
Diabetic father and healthy mother n = 45 (2) |
Diabetic mother and healthy father n = 78 (3) |
Both parents with diabetes n = 22 (4) |
Diabetic father and MS, healthy mother n = 19 (5) |
Diabetic mother and MS, healthy father n = 23 (6) |
P | Post hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender M/F | 52/62 | 24/21 | 37/41 | 9/13 | 11/8 | 11/12 | 0.85 | — |
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| Age (years) | 14.8 ± 3.3 | 14.2 ± 4.0 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 15.6 ± 3.8 | 14.0 ± 3.7 | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 0.45 | — |
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| BMI | 24.7 ± 5.5 | 27.5 ± 6.3 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | 25.4 ± 6.1 | 27.4 ± 7.7 | 24.9 ± 5.8 | 0.05 | 1 versus 2 P = 0.02 1 versus 5 P = 0.05 |
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| SBP (mmHg) | 98.2 ± 13.6 | 100.8 ± 15.0 | 96.5 ± 11.7 | 102.5 ± 11.9 | 105.7 ± 17.1 | 99.1 ± 14.4 | 0.02 | 1 versus 5 P = 0.01 |
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| DBP (mmHg) | 64.1 ± 9.0 | 65.1 ± 10.9 | 63.4 ± 9.3 | 65.0 ± 10.1 | 66.3 ± 12.5 | 66.0 ± 12.3 | 0.62 | — |
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| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.9 ± 11.1 | 93.2 ± 8.0 | 93.8 ± 11.9 | 92.3 ± 10.3 | 93.5 ± 7.8 | 95.8 ± 17.1 | 0.01 | 1 versus 6 P = 0.01 |
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| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
150.9 ± 29.9 | 156.9 ± 29.7 | 160.4 ± 37.4 | 158.5 ± 37.4 | 168.3 ± 27.5 | 165.6 ± 44.3 | 0.004 | 1 versus 5 P = 0.01 1 versus 6 P = 0.03 |
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| HDL-chol | 66.0 (60.5–70.5) | 68.0 (57.5–70.5) | 62.0 (53.0–66.5) | 67.2 (46.5–74.0) | 62.5 (39.6–78.5) | 47.0 (41.0–66.5) | 0.05 | 1 versus 6 P = 0.04 |
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| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104.0 (94.0–116.0) | 103.0 (82.0–136.0) | 109.5 (88.0–129.0) | 128.0 (85.0–140.0) | 136 (80.0–61.0) | 132 (89.0–160.0) | 0.34 | — |