Table 1.
Aortopexy review of the literature
| Author | Period | SIGN classification | N° | Cause of TM | Diagnostic | Intraoperative broncoscopy | Operation | Complication/ reoperations | Outcome | F-UP months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schwartz et al. J Pediatr Surg 1980 |
1977-1979 |
D |
8 |
OA |
8BS 8B |
8 |
8 AP |
1 VRD |
7G 1D |
20 |
| Blair et al. J Pediatr Surg 1986 |
1978-1985 |
C |
25 |
18OA 6AAA 1 O |
25BS 25B |
23 |
21 AP 2 AP+TS 2 TS |
4 TS 1 VRD |
21G 4D |
48 |
| Greenholz et al. J Pediatr Surg 1986 |
1977-1984 |
C |
41 |
5 OA 6 IA 10 AAA 17 IT 6 O |
28 BS 27 AG 41B |
17 |
19 AP 1 LTP 11 O 15 NS |
- |
35 G 2 P 4D |
21 |
| Malone et al. Arch Dis Child 1990 |
1986-1988 |
C |
17 |
17 IT |
17B |
- |
17 AP |
4 AP+TP 4 T |
7G 9W 1D |
RS |
| Clevenger et al. Ann Thorac Surg 1990 |
1985-1990 |
C |
12 |
6 OA 10 IA 2 AAA |
6 BS 12 B |
- |
12 AP 3 VRD |
3 recurrent apnoea 3 ventilator dependence 11 major complication |
5 G 6 P 1 D |
10.5 |
| Dohlemann et al. J Pediatr Surg 1990 |
1990 |
D |
3 |
1 OA 2O |
2 BS 2 AG 3 B |
3 |
3 AP |
- |
3G |
- |
| Brawn et al. J Pediatr Surg 1991 |
1991 |
D |
2 |
1 OA 1 PI |
1 BS 2B |
- |
2 AP |
1 bleeding 1AP+TP |
1G 1W |
7 |
| Yamaguchi et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1991 |
1978-1990 |
C |
21 |
3 OA 2 AAA 14 PAA |
21 B |
17 |
3 AP 5 LTP 14 PPA |
1 AP after LTP |
15 G 1 W 1 D |
109 |
| Filler et al. J Pediatr Surg 1992 |
1977-1991 |
C |
32 |
32 OA |
32 B |
- |
29 AP 2 AP + TS 1 TS |
1 seroma 1 vocal chord paralysis 1 stent dislogment 1 LTP 1 lobectomy |
28 G 3 W 1 D |
6.5 |
| Chun et al. Ann Thor Surg 1992 |
1968-1990 |
C |
39 |
39 AAA |
39 BS 33 AG |
- |
10 AP 39 VRD |
3 bleeding 2 respiratory arrest 5 BPN 1 PNX 1 chylotorax 1 sepsis |
37 G 2 D |
12.5 |
| Corbally et al. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1993 |
1980-1990 |
C |
48 |
48 OA |
48 B |
- |
48 AP |
1 bleeding 1 TP 21 Nissen 1 phrenic nerve palsy |
38 G 5 P 2 D |
46 |
| Jonas et al. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1994 |
1989-1993 |
D |
12 |
12 IA |
12 B |
- |
12 AP |
4 persistent stridor |
8 G 4 G |
24 |
| Triglia et al. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1994 |
1987-1983 |
C |
12 |
12 OA 12 IA 4 AAA |
12 B 3 AG |
12 |
12 AP |
1 reimplantation of innominate artery (post-trauma) |
9 G 3 W |
24 |
| Roberts et al. J Pediatr Surg 1994 |
1976-1992 |
C |
30 |
30 AAA |
28 BS 28 AG 16 B |
- |
9 AP 17 VRD |
1 AP-TP 2 TP 1 aortoesophageal fistula |
26 G 4 P |
- |
| Masaoka et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1996 |
1996 |
D |
5 |
2 OA 1 AAA 2 O |
5 B |
- |
1 AP 1 LTP 1 BR 2 NS |
1 persistent TM |
3 G 1 P 1 D |
- |
| Bullard et al. J Pediatr Surg 1997 |
1989-1994 |
D |
6 |
5 OA 1 AAA |
- |
- |
6 AP |
1 PNX 2 hemotorax |
4 G 2 P |
- |
| McCarthy et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997 |
1983-1995 |
C |
24 |
6 IA 9 AAA 2 PAA 5 TBS |
9 BS 24 B |
|
6 AP 9 VRD 6 LTP 3 O |
1 AP 1 TBR |
19 G 2 P 3 D |
40 |
| McElhinney et al. Ann Thorac Surg 1999 |
1993-1997 |
D |
5 |
5 AAA |
1 BS 2 AG 5 B |
- |
5 AP |
2 T |
3 G 2 P |
24 |
| Gormley et al. J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999 |
1986-1998 |
D |
16 |
15 IA 1AAA |
16 BS 16 B 6 AG |
- |
11 AP 1 VRD 4 NS |
- |
12 G 3 P 1 W- |
- |
| Kamata et al. J Pediatr Surg 2000 |
1992-1997 |
D |
14 |
4 OA 4 IT 6 O |
14 B |
14 |
13 AP 1 PPA |
- |
12 G 2 D |
50 |
| Morabito et al. J Pediatr Surg 2000 |
1978-1999 |
D |
16 |
15 OA 1 IA |
16 B |
16 |
9 AP 4 TP 3 LTP |
1 T 1 Nissen |
15 G 1 P |
- |
| Dave et al. J Pediatr Surg 2006 |
1981-2004 |
B |
28 |
15 OA 13 IT |
28 BS 28 B |
7 |
28 AP |
1 phrenic nerve palsy 3 lung collapse 1 tymic compression |
26 G 2 P |
6 |
| Vazquez et al. Ann Thorac Surg 2001 |
1985-2000 |
C |
29 |
27 OA 1 IA 1 AAA |
14 AG 29 B |
- |
29 AP |
1 phrenic nerve palsy 3 PNX 1 scoliosis |
28 G 1 P |
8 |
| Weber et al. Am J Surg 2002 |
- |
C |
32 |
18 OA 4 IA 8 AAA 2 IT |
32 B |
32 |
32 AP |
2 reintubations |
26 G 4 P 2 W |
6 |
| Schaarschmidt et al. J Pediatr Surg 2002 |
2000 |
D |
2 |
1 OA 1 AAA |
2B |
2 |
2 AP |
- |
2 G |
17 |
| Ahel et al. Pediatr Int 2003 |
1994-2001 |
D |
3 |
1 OA 2 IT |
3 B |
- |
3 AP |
- |
2 G |
- |
| Valerie et al. J Pediatr Surg 2005 |
1993-2003 |
B |
25 |
17 OA 8 O |
25 B |
- |
11 AP 14 TS |
1 reintubation 4 pericerdial effusion |
- |
- |
| Khatami et al. Thorac Cardiov Surg 2006 |
1995-2004 |
D |
5 |
5 OA |
5 B |
- |
5 AP |
- |
- |
- |
| Van der Zee et al. Surg Endosc 2007 |
2002-2005 |
D |
6 |
6 OA |
6 B |
- |
6 AP |
2 AP |
4 G 2 P |
- |
| Grillo et al. Ann Thorac Surg 2007 |
- |
D |
4 |
4 AAA |
3 AG 4 B |
4 |
4 AP 3 VRD |
1 hemotorax 2 chylotorax 1 TS |
3 G 1 W |
108 |
| Abdel-Rahman et al. - World J Surg 2007 |
1992-2006 |
C |
20 |
5 OA 2 AAA 13 IT |
20 B |
20 |
20 AP |
1 AP |
16 G 2 P 2 W |
13 |
| Perger et al. J Laparosc Adv Surg Techn 2009 |
2003-2006 |
D |
5 |
4 OA 1 IT |
- |
4 |
5 AP |
1 T |
3 G 1 P 1 W |
26 |
| Fraga et al. J Pediatr Surg 2009 |
1996-2008 |
D |
4 |
4 AAA |
4 B |
4 |
4 AP |
- |
3 G 1 P |
110 |
| Gardella et al. J Pediatr Surg 2010 |
1997-2006 |
B |
28 |
28 IA |
28 B |
16 |
16 AP 12 NS |
- |
16 G |
48 |
| Calkoen et al. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011 |
1990-2008 |
B |
105 |
44 OA 16 AAA 45 O |
103 B |
18 |
105 AP |
4 AP 14 T 5 TS |
76 G 24 P |
84 |
| Horvath Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1992 |
1979-1992 |
C |
26 |
26 IA |
26 B 26 BS |
- |
26 AP |
- |
25 G 1 P |
46 |
| Kiely et al. Ped Surg Int1987 |
1980-1986 |
C |
25 |
22 OA 3 IT |
- |
- |
25 AP |
1 hemothorax 1 heart failure 4 infections 2 TP |
17G 5P 3W |
- |
| Filler J Pediatr Surg 1976 |
1974-1975 |
D |
3 |
3 OA 1 IA |
3 BS 3 B |
- |
3 AP |
- |
- |
- |
| Vinograd J Cardiovasc Surg 1994 | 1988-1992 | C | 20 | - | 20 B | 20 | 19 AP 1 PPA | 3 LTP 1 TS | 14 G 4 P 2 W |
Table legend: Literature review: period, number and sex of patients, diagnostic, type of surgery and outcome are shown. Articles were classified according to revised SIGN grading system.
List of abbreviations in Table 1:
AAA= Aortic Arch Anomalies.
AG= Angiography.
AP= Aortopexy.
BG= Bronchography.
B= Bronchoscopy.
D= Dead.
G= Good.
BS= Barium Swallow.
IA= Innominate Artery Compression.
IT= Idiopathique Tracheomalacia.
LTP= Laryngotracheoplasty.
NS= Non Surgical Treatment.
O= Other.
OA= Oesophageal Atresia.
P= Poor/No Improvement.
PI= Post Intubation.
PAA= Pulmonary Artery Anomalies.
PPA= Pulmonary Artery Plico-Suspension.
RS= Retrospective Study.
T=Tracheostomy.
TBR= Tracheo-Bronchial Resection.
TBS= Tracheo-Bronchial Stenosis.
TM= Tracheomalacia.
TP= Tracheopexy.
TS= Tracheal Stenting.
VRD= Vascular Ring Division.
W= Worsening.