Table 1.
Soluble Immune Mediator Levels, Bacterial Vaginosis, and White Blood Count Associated With the Odds of Being a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seroconverter
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P Value | Multivariate Analysis |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | |||
| Log10 IL-1β level | 1.09 (.68–1.77) | .7 | ||
| IL-2 level >LLOD | 0.66 (.15–2.98) | .6 | ||
| Log10 IL-6 level | 1.27 (.63–2.56) | .5 | ||
| IL-7 level >LLOD | 1.23 (.38–3.98) | .7 | ||
| MIP-1α level >LLOD | 2.52 (.66–9.71) | .2 | ||
| MIP-1β level >LLOD | 2.02 (.61–6.72) | .3 | ||
| Log10 lactoferrin level | 1.80 (.57–5.67) | .3 | ||
| Log10 SLPI level | 0.65 (.24–1.77) | .4 | ||
| HβD-1 level >LLOD | 0.93 (.25–3.48) | .9 | ||
| HβD-2 level >LLOD | 2.39 (1.29–4.41) | .005 | 2.13 (.47–9.54) | .3 |
| HβD-3 level >LLOD | 2.87 (.61–13.54) | .2 | ||
| Log10 HNP1–3 level | 1.90 (.77–4.67) | .2 | ||
| E. coli level, CFUs (% of control) (10% change) | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | .014 | 1.25 (1.04–1.49) | .02 |
| Total log10 protein level | 25.16 (.51–1229) | .1 | 15.90 (.32–787) | .2 |
| Bacterial vaginosis | 0.70 (.17–2.93) | .6 | ||
| Neutrophil level >1a | 2.64 (.67–10.48) | .2 | ||
Generalized estimating equations with a logit link, robust errors, exchangeable correlation structure, and sampling weights were used to determine the relationship between levels of the soluble immune mediators and the odds of being an HIV-1 seroconverter, using data from the preseroconversion visits for women who acquired HIV-1 and their matched controls who did not seroconvert.
Abbreviations: CFUs, colony-forming units; CI, confidence interval; E. coli, Escherichia coli; HβD, human β defensin; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-7, interleukin 7; LLOD, lower limit of detection; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; OR, odds ratio.
a White blood cell count was dichotomized as minimal neutrophils present (≤1) versus several neutrophils present (>1) per microscope field.