Figure 1. Response of tadpoles to the presence of parasites and predators and the hypothesized response to the presence of both, which will depend on the relative vulnerability of the tadpole to the predator.

The dotted line in each plot represents baseline activity level, i.e. the activity level of the tadpole when no predator or parasite is present. We hypothesize that species such as Lithobates sylvaticus, which is highly vulnerable to fish predators, will show decreased activity in the presence of both fish and parasites, while species such as L. catesbeianus, which is relatively invulnerable to fish predators will increase activity in the presence of both fish and parasites.