Table 3.

Sociodemographics, neighborhood ambient stressors, and standardized cynical hostility.

	OLS	Hierarchical linear models

		Group-mean centered^a	Random effects

	1 Coef.	2 Coef.	3 Coef.
Neighborhood level
Ambient stressors			0.12^***
Individual level
Race (ref = non-Hispanic white)
Non-Hispanic black	0.59^***	0.37^***	0.53^***
Hispanic	0.23^***	0.18^*	0.19^**
Non-Hispanic other	0.30^*	0.15	0.29^*
Female	−0.25^***	−0.31^***	−0.26^***
Age (ref = 18–29)
30–39	−0.04	−0.05	−0.04
40–49	−0.11⁺	−0.09	−0.11⁺
50–59	−0.04	−0.04	−0.04
60–69	−0.21^**	−0.21^**	−0.18^*
70+	−0.33^***	−0.34^***	−0.31^***
First generation immigrant (ref = 2nd or higher)	0.10⁺	0.09	0.11⁺
Education (ref = 0–11 years)
12–15 years	−0.15^**	−0.14^*	−0.12^*
16+ years	−0.38^***	−0.28^***	−0.34^***
Income (ref = $0–14,900)
$15,000–39,000	−0.10⁺	−0.10	−0.09
$40,000+	−0.22^***	−0.18^**	−0.19^**
Income missing	−0.06	−0.03	−0.03
Intercept	0.17^*	−0.08^**	0.16^*
R²	0.12	–	–
Adjusted ICC	–	0.013	0.006

^***

p < 0.001,

^**

p < 0.01,

p < 0.05,

⁺

p < 0.1 (two-tailed tests).

Chicago Community Adult Health Survey, 2001–2003.

In this group-mean centered model, all covariates were centered around their neighborhood cluster means so that they reflect within-neighborhood effects.