Table 2. Gamma Coefficients (γ) and t-Ratios for Multi-level Models of Social and Dyadic Time With Mothers and Fathers.
Social time |
Dyadic time |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers |
Fathers |
Mothers |
Fathers |
|||||
Fixed effects | γ | t-ratio | γ | t-ratio | γ | t-ratio | γ | t-ratio |
Linear and quadratic age effects and age at Time 1 | ||||||||
Intercept | 22.49 | 26.28** | 19.97 | 22.06** | 8.35 | 13.27** | 6.08 | 9.95** |
Linear effect | −.95 | −11.51** | −.84 | −6.70** | .04 | .62 | −.18 | −2.06* |
Quadratic effect | - | - | .02 | .41 | −.05 | −3.91** | −.04 | −2.02* |
Age at Time 1 | .31 | 1.18 | .24 | .87 | −.13 | −.63 | −.17 | −.84 |
Birth order, gender, sibling dyad gender composition and parental education and family size | ||||||||
Birth order | .28 | .41 | .96 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 1.87† | .13 | 0.23 |
Birth order × Linear effect | .47 | 5.06** | .34 | 2.14* | - | - | .27 | 2.04* |
Birth order × Quadratic effect | - | - | −.11 | −2.13* | - | - | - | - |
Gender | −1.40 | −4.18** | .81 | 2.32* | −1.37 | −3.12** | .69 | 1.63 |
Gender × Linear effect | - | - | - | - | −0.16 | −2.05* | .20 | 2.45* |
Gender composition | .09 | .16 | −.11 | −.20 | 1.83 | 4.43** | −.16 | −.41 |
Gender × Gender composition | - | - | - | - | −1.87 | −3.28** | 2.67 | 4.84** |
Parents’ levels of education | .03 | .20 | −.01 | −.05 | .07 | .92 | −.01 | −.17 |
Family size | .31 | .83 | .42 | 1.10 | −1.62 | −7.90** | −.97 | −4.92** |
Note.
p < .10
p < .05
p < .01.