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In vitro selection of TPV-resistant variants using HIV-1 carrying L33F or I54V/V82T. cHIVNL4-3 (○), cHIVNL4-3L33F (△), and cHIVNL4-3I54V/V82T (●) were propagated in the presence of increasing concentrations of TPV (starting at 0.3 μM) in MT-4 cells. The selection was carried out in a cell-free manner for a total of 10 or 20 passages. Amino acid substitutions identified in the protease of each HIV-1 strain at the conclusion of each passage of the selection are shown with arrows.
