Table 3.
Germ cell proteins expressed in cancer and proposed function.
| Gene | Germ cell function | Cancer function | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class I MAGE | Apoptosis inhibition | Proliferation | Kap1-p53 corepressor | [38] |
| PRAME | Apoptosis inhibition | Proliferation | Retinoic acid receptor | [39] |
| MAGE-A1 | Transcriptional regulation | Aberrant transcriptional regulation | SKIP, HDAC1 | [40] |
| GAGE | Gene expression regulation | Aberrant gene expression | [41] | |
| LDHC | Lactose metabolism | Metabolic efficiency | [42] | |
| SPO-11 | Recombination | Chromosomal instability | Double-stranded breaks | [4] |
| SCP-1 | Recombination | Chromosomal instability | Homologous pairing | [4] |
| REC8* | Chromosome segregation | Aneuploidy | Regulated cohesion expression | [43] |
| TERT* | Genome protection | Immortalization | Telomere lengthening | [44] |
*Germ cell proteins also expressed in cancer but not currently defined as CTAs.