Assessment of CoE for individual studies of diagnostic test evaluation*
Study design
Prospective cohort design
Retrospective cohort design	•
Case-control design
Methods
Broad spectrum of patients with expected condition	•
Appropriate reference standard used	•
Adequate description of test and reference for replication	•
Blinded comparison with appropriate reference
Reference standard performed independently of test
Overall class of evidence	IV

^*Blank box indicates criterion not met, could not be determined, or information not reported by author or was not reported.

The definition for classes of evidence for diagnostic test evaluations is available in the Web Appendix at www.aospine.org/EBSJ.