Table 4.
Risk of anxious and depressive symptoms in patients with COPD: multivariate logistic modeling
|
Factors |
Anxiety |
Depression |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval (CI) | p | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval (CI) | p | |
| Age |
1.16 |
1.12–1.19 |
0.000 |
1.13 |
1.05–1.20 |
0.003 |
| Female gender |
1.12 |
1.03–2.23 |
0.000 |
1.12 |
1.10–1.19 |
0.000 |
| Education level |
1.15 |
1.10–1.18 |
0.000 |
1.09 |
1.01–1.17 |
0.012 |
| Household income |
1.30 |
1.14–1.50 |
0.001 |
1.26 |
1.06–1.52 |
0.000 |
| History of smoking |
1.27 |
1.03–2.35 |
0.000 |
1.26 |
1.15–1.45 |
0.000 |
| ;FEV1 |
1.09 |
0.96–1.24 |
0.099 |
0.98 |
0.82–1.17 |
0.103 |
| FVC |
0.99 |
0.821–1.14 |
0.113 |
0.83 |
0.63–1.07 |
0.122 |
| FEV1/FVC |
0.97 |
0.88–1.08 |
0.102 |
1.02 |
0.94–1.09 |
0.098 |
| BODE index |
1.47 |
1.15–1.92 |
0.001 |
1.51 |
1.13–1.95 |
0.000 |
| ;SGRQ |
1.35 |
1.11–1.87 |
0.000 |
1.47 |
1.12–2.01 |
0.000 |
| Depression |
3.26 |
1.69–5.36 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
| Anxiety | 3.58 | 2.86–5.70 | 0.000 | |||
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; BODE: body mass index, degree of airway obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity; SGRQ: Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.