Table 1. Kernel characteristics, protein contents and Mixograph parameters of the transgenic and control lines.
| Parameters | Line | |||||||
| HP-19 | HP-245 | H-182 | H-293 | P-121 | P-149 | N-1 | Luna | |
| Transgene | 1Ax1+Pina-D1a | 1Ax1+Pina-D1a | 1Ax1 | 1Ax1 | Pina-D1a | Pina-D1a | None | None |
| Kernel characteristics | ||||||||
| Grain hardness | 52.2 c | 50.8 c | 76.7 a | 76.9 a | 51.6 c | 46.0 d | 73.6 b | 75.3 ab |
| Kernel weight (mg) | 31.38 | 33.22 | 34.95 | 35.46 | 34.52 | 36.78 | 35.1 | 37.1 |
| Kernel diameter (mm) | 1.89 | 1.91 | 2.09 | 2.12 | 1.99 | 2.06 | 2.06 | 2.33 |
| 1,000-seed weight (g) | 30.2 g | 31.7 e | 32.1 d | 32.7 c | 33.3 b | 34.3 a | 32.8 c | 31.1 f |
| Test weight (g/l) | 709 cd | 727 b | 713 c | 729 b | 738 a | 738 a | 699 e | 705 d |
| Protein content | ||||||||
| Grain protein content (%) | 15.5 b | 16.2 a | 13.9 cd | 13.8 d | 13.2 e | 14.0 cd | 13.6 de | 14.3 c |
| Flour protein content (%) | 13.8 b | 14.4 a | 12.5 c | 12.4 cd | 11.7 e | 12.1d | 11.4 e | 12.2 cd |
| Mixograph | ||||||||
| Midline left value (% Torque) | 37.25 ab | 38.49 a | 35.48 ab | 34.94 b | 29.89 c | 29.72 c | 27.26 cd | 25.81 d |
| Midline left width (% Torque) | 18.92 bcd | 21.03 ab | 20.05 bc | 17.17 bcd | 15.27 cd | 14.27 d | 24.34 a | 24.86 a |
| Midline peak value (% Torque) | 38.11 ab | 40.37 a | 36 bc | 35.22 cd | 30.23 e | 30.17 e | 33.15 d | 33.29 d |
| Midline peak width (% Torque) | 20.28 c | 19.56 cd | 16.14 e | 17.47 de | 13.61 f | 11.49 f | 25.4 b | 29.85 a |
| Midline peak time (min) | 5.14 bc | 4.5 cd | 6.03 ab | 6.25 a | 4.37 cd | 4.12 d | 2.19 e | 2.04 e |
| Midline right value (% Torque) | 36.94 ab | 38.77 a | 34.92 bc | 34.13 c | 29.56 de | 28.94 e | 30.72 de | 31.14 d |
| Midline right width (% Torque) | 16.69 ab | 18.93 a | 15.67 abc | 13.85 bc | 12.18 c | 12.21 c | 15.92 abc | 18.96 a |
| Midline value at 8 min (% Torque) | 36.6 ab | 37.59 a | 34.98 bc | 34.38 c | 28.13 de | 27.81 e | 28.97 de | 29.54 d |
| Midline width at 8 min (% Torque) | 15.46 ab | 16.52 a | 16.54 a | 14.91 abc | 11.36 cd | 9.96 d | 13.65 abcd | 12.43 bcd |
| Midline integral at 8 min (% Torque* min) | 275.79 b | 289.43 a | 258.17 c | 252.42 c | 228.33 d | 228.44 d | 229.31 d | 236.17 d |
| Weakening slope (% Torque) | 1.51 cde | 2.77 bc | 1.02 de | 0.84 e | 2.11 cde | 2.36 cd | 4.17 a | 3.76 ab |
Values within the same parameter followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 probability level.
Protein contents determined by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) method were adjusted to a 14% moisture basis.