Table 2.

Factors That Influence Selection of Study Design for Patient-Centered Outcome Research

Factor

Intrinsic Internal validity (bias) External validity (generalizability or applicability to nonstudy settings and populations) Precision Heterogeneity in risk or benefit (eg, subgroup or personalized evidence) Ethical dimensions of the study (including considerations of risk-benefit balance and study burden for study participants) Extrinsic Time urgency (eg, rapidly changing technology, policy or public health needs) Logistical constraints (eg, feasibility of collecting information from participants, number of participants available, study complexity) Data availability, quality, and completeness