Table 1.
Major Pathways Impacted by Somatic Genetic Changes
| Major Pathway |
|---|
| Signal transduction |
| P13-kinase pathway |
| AKT pathway |
| Phospholipases |
| Protein kinase C (PKC) family |
| Mad family |
| Smad family |
| c-Met |
| Receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGFR, EGFR, KIT, etc.) |
| G-protein coupled receptor families |
| Jnk family |
| RHO family |
| Erk family |
| Mek family |
| Jak pathway |
| TGF pathways |
| Ras pathways |
| Src pathway |
| Wnt/frizzled pathway |
| Transcription factors |
| Myc family |
| Jun |
| Fos |
| NFκB family |
| Nuclear receptors (ER, AR, PPAR, RAR, etc.) |
| Myb |
| E2F family |
| STAT family |
| Cell cycle |
| Cdks |
| Cyclins |
| Cip/Kip family |
| Rb family |
| Ink family |
| CDK phosphatases |
| CDK kinases |
| Apoptosis regulators |
| Caspases |
| ICE family |
| FAS/FAS ligand |
| TRAIL |
| Bcl/Bad/Bax family |
| DNA damage/repair |
| p53 |
| AT |
| PARP |
| Gadd45 |
| MDM family |
| GST family |
| Rad52 |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase |
| BRCA1/BARD1 |
| Invasion/metastasis/angiogenesis |
| Integrins |
| MMP family |
| TIMP family |
| Laminin family |
| Cathepsin family |
| CD44 |
| Endothelin |
| Cadherin family |
| Catenin family |
| Thrombospondins |
| Metallospondins |
| Receptor tyrosine kinases |
| VEGF (and other growth factors) |
Abbreviations: ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AR, adrenergic receptor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ER, estrogen receptor, KIT, kinase tyrosine; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RAR, retinoic acid receptor; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.