Table 4.
Inflammatory Factors by Combined History of Childhood and Adolescent Physical and Sexual Abuse, Nurses’ Health Study II, geometric M (95% CI)
| CRP (mg/L) | IL-6 (pg/mL) | sTNFR2 (pg/mL) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | Age-adjustedb | Adjusted for age and confoundersc |
Adjusted for age, confounders and mediatorsd |
Age-adjustedb | Adjusted for age and confoundersc |
Adjusted for age, confounders and mediatorsd |
Age-adjustedb | Adjusted for age and confoundersc |
Adjusted for age, confounders and mediatorsd |
|
| Physical and Sexual Abuse (child) | ||||||||||
| Neither | 441 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.02) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.19) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.01) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.21) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) | 962 (927, 999) | 947 (890, 1007) | 953 (891, 1018) |
| Physical abuse onlye | 218 | 0.70 (0.45, 1.08) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.20) | 0.60 (0.38, 0.95) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.17) | 983 (940, 1029) | 968 (906, 1034) | 975 (909, 1046) |
| Forced Sex only | 22 | 0.89 (0.46, 1.72) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.86) | 0.76 (0.41, 1.39) | 1.31 (0.99, 1.73) | 1.25 (0.92, 1.68) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.45) | 1065 (957, 1187) | 1051 (936, 1180) | 1030 (919, 1155) |
| Physical abuse and Forced Sex | 20 | 0.89 (0.42, 1.86) | 0.88 (0.40, 1.93) | 0.72 (0.90, 1.43) | 1.39 (1.03, 1.87) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.75) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | 1010 (901, 1133) | 993 (878, 1124) | 986 (871, 1117) |
| p for difference in meansf | 0.62 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.34 | |
| p for interactiong | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.39 | |
| Physical and Sexual Abuse (adolescent) | ||||||||||
| Neither | 568 | 0.68 (0.45, 1.03) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.16) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.21) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 977 (943, 1013) | 961 (906, 1020) | 967 (906, 1031) |
| Physical abuse onlye | 95 | 0.66 (0.40, 1.06) | 0.68 (0.39, 1.18) | 0.58 (0.36, 0.95) | 1.19 (1.02, 1.38) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 970 (915, 1028) | 954 (866, 1028) | 963 (892, 1040) |
| Forced Sex only | 22 | 0.96 (0.50, 1.84) | 1.03 (0.51, 2.07) | 1.07 (0.57, 2.01) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.64) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 1.12 (0.84, 1.51) | 913 (819, 1017) | 899 (799, 1011) | 898 (796, 1014) |
| Physical abuse and Forced Sex | 18 | 1.07 (0.51, 2.25) | 0.99 (0.45, 2.16) | 0.60 (0.30, 1.20) | 1.81 (1.32, 2.48) | 1.66 (1.18, 2.31) | 1.35 (0.97, 1.86) | 1055 (934, 1191) | 1040 (913, 1183) | 1031 (903, 1178) |
| p for difference in meansf | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.39 | |
| p for interactiong | 0.74 | 0.99 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | |
CRP = C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; sTNFR2 = soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
n for IL-6 and sTNFR2 analyses = 702–704; total n for CRP = 599–602; two women responded to question on adolescent abuse but not childhood abuse
Adjusted for age (at blood draw) and control type (endometriosis control vs rheumatoid arthritis control)
Additionally adjusted for confounders, including white race, somatotype at age 5 years, maternal education and paternal education.
Additionally adjusted for mediators, including BMI (1999), cigarettes smoked/day (1999), METs/week of physical activity (1997), alcohol intake (1999), crude fiber intake (1999), glycemic load (1999), antidepressant use (1999) and age at menarche.
Physical abuse rated as moderate or severe
p-value comparing geometric means across four categories
p-value for multiplicative interaction term from linear model including dichotomous terms for moderate–severe physical abuse (v. none or mild) and forced sex (vs none or unwanted touching).