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Schematic representation of Hrd1 and Doa10 complexes. Individual subunits of each complex are depicted with their known partners. (Top) The Doa10 complex monitors the folding state of cytosolic domains of membrane proteins (ERAD-C). (Bottom) The Hrd1 complex recognizes lesions of luminal domains of membrane and soluble proteins (ERAD-L) and of lesions within transmembrane domains (ERAD-M).
