Table 1.

Comparison of model fit in the Mixed Model LCA analyses

	Npar	BIC
STEP 1, determine the number of lower-level latent classes
Model 1. 1 higher-level latent class, 1 lower-level latent class	10	11662.99
Model 2. 1 higher-level latent class, 2 lower-level latent classes	16	8339.47
Model 3. 1 higher-level latent class, 3 lower-level latent classes	22	7749.42
Model 4. 1 higher-level latent class, 4 lower-level latent classes	28	7560.36
Model 5. 1 higher-level latent class, 5 lower-level latent classes	34	7420.44
Model 6. 1 higher-level latent class, 6 lower-level latent classes	40	7368.64
Model 7. 1 higher-level latent class, 7 lower-level latent classes	46	7307.69
Model 8. 1 higher-level latent class, 8 lower-level latent classes	52	7298.12
Model 9. 1 higher-level latent class, 9 lower-level latent classes	58	7308.68
Model 10. 1 higher-level latent class, 10 lower-level latent classes	64	7330.06
STEP 2, determine the number of higher-level latent classes
Model 11. 1 higher-level latent class, 9 lower-level latent classes (=model 9)	58	7308.68
Model 12. 2 higher-level latent classes, 9 lower-level latent classes	67	7261.36
Model 13. 3 higher-level latent classes, 9 lower-level latent classes	76	7297.57
STEP 3, redetermine the number of lower-level latent classes
Model 14. 2 higher-level latent classes, 8 lower-level latent classes	60	7268.99
Model 15. 2 higher-level latent classes, 9 lower-level latent classes (=model 12)	67	7261.36
Model 16. 2 higher-level latent classes, 10 lower-level latent classes	74	7272.55

Note: the best-fitting models in each of the steps are shown in bold.