Table 1.
Study participant demographics and lifestyle factors by equol-producer and ODMA-producer status
| Equol producers (n=55) |
Equol non-producers (n=144) |
p | ODMA producers (n=181) |
ODMA non-producers (n=18) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 42.6 (1.2) | 42.3 (1.4) | 0.15 | 42.5 (1.4) | 42.1 (1.1) | 0.23 |
| Height (m), mean (SD) | 1.65 (0.07) | 1.65 (0.07) | 0.82 | 1.66 (0.07) | 1.61 (0.06) | 0.003 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 70.5 (14.7) | 71.1 (14.2) | 0.78 | 71.3 (14.2) | 67.1 (15.6) | 0.23 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.8 (5.1) | 26.0 (4.9) | 0.83 | 26.0 (4.9) | 25.8 (5.0) | 0.90 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 49 (91) | 125 (87) | 163 (91) | 11 (65) | ||
| Asian | 3 (6) | 10 (7) | 9 (5) | 4 (24) | ||
| Other | 2 (4) | 8 (6) | 0.93 | 8 (4) | 2 (12) | 0.006 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 5 (9) | 1 (1) | 5 (3) | 1 (6) | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 50 (91) | 142 (99) | 0.007 | 176 (97) | 16 (94) | 0.42 |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
| ≤12 years | 4 (7) | 8 (6) | 12 (7) | 0 (0) | ||
| 13–15 years | 12 (22) | 40 (28) | 45 (25) | 7 (39) | ||
| 16 years | 8 (15) | 53 (37) | 56 (31) | 5 (28) | ||
| ≥ 17 years | 31 (56) | 43 (30) | 0.002 | 68 (38) | 6 (33) | 0.58 |
| Smoker, n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 1 (2) | 7 (5) | 7 (4) | 1 (6) | ||
| Past | 18 (33) | 38 (26) | 52 (29) | 4 (22) | ||
| Never | 36 (65) | 99 (69) | 0.51 | 122 (67) | 13 (72) | 0.65 |
| Ever used hormones, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 42 (76) | 100 (69) | 129 (71) | 13 (72) | ||
| No | 13 (24) | 44 (31) | 0.33 a | 52 (29) | 5 (28) | 0.93a |
Data shown are means and standard deviations (continuous data) and frequencies and percentages (categorical data; questionnaire data were unavailable for one individual (who was an equol non-producer and an ODMA producer); percentages may not add to 100 % due to rounding);
P values calculated using t-tests (continuous data), or chi square test (categorical data; denoted by a) and Fishers exact test (categorical data).