Table 4.
Smoking indexb |
Dose response RRsb,c |
Total |
Principald |
By lung cancer typea |
By sex |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Squamous | Adeno | Combined | Male | Female | ||||
All |
|
16616 |
15350 |
11316 |
2268 |
1698 |
1031 |
11202 |
4383 |
Any product or cigarettes vs. never/non |
|
3614 |
3366 |
2359 |
488 |
432 |
342 |
2065 |
1207 |
Cig only smoking vs. never/non |
|
678 |
621 |
535 |
72 |
56 |
18 |
513 |
147 |
Pipe/Cigar/Mixed vs. never/non |
|
769 |
678 |
644 |
61 |
53 |
22 |
717 |
30 |
Handrolled vs. manufactured |
|
120 |
104 |
74 |
22 |
14 |
8 |
93 |
19 |
Filter vs. Plain |
|
303 |
264 |
167 |
74 |
37 |
9 |
182 |
112 |
Menthol vs. non-menthol |
|
25 |
16 |
20 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
Amount smoked |
All RRs |
3627 |
3509 |
2708 |
412 |
310 |
198 |
2459 |
970 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
1145 |
1104 |
858 |
123 |
100 |
64 |
741 |
340 |
Age of starting |
All RRs |
1442 |
1344 |
1052 |
167 |
128 |
67 |
970 |
405 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
256 |
242 |
188 |
29 |
24 |
13 |
159 |
84 |
|
Sets vs. low |
301 |
285 |
197 |
44 |
35 |
14 |
196 |
91 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
14 |
14 |
6 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
5 |
Duration of smoking |
All RRs |
2337 |
2129 |
1544 |
342 |
240 |
202 |
1470 |
665 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
374 |
337 |
248 |
54 |
40 |
37 |
221 |
116 |
|
Sets vs. low |
434 |
384 |
261 |
75 |
56 |
38 |
260 |
136 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
72 |
70 |
32 |
19 |
20 |
1 |
39 |
32 |
Years quit (vs. never) |
All RRs |
1665 |
1504 |
991 |
276 |
198 |
64 |
1241 |
360 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
207 |
194 |
124 |
35 |
26 |
11 |
146 |
50 |
|
Sets vs. low |
255 |
234 |
157 |
39 |
27 |
8 |
190 |
57 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
Years quit (vs. current) |
All RRs |
1421 |
1248 |
867 |
221 |
145 |
55 |
1076 |
290 |
|
Sets vs. current |
251 |
231 |
155 |
38 |
25 |
11 |
183 |
57 |
|
Sets vs. low |
244 |
223 |
158 |
33 |
23 |
10 |
177 |
57 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Tar |
All RRs |
222 |
198 |
156 |
33 |
33 |
18 |
127 |
77 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
22 |
18 |
16 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
13 |
5 |
|
Sets vs. low |
41 |
36 |
33 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
24 |
14 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
55 |
55 |
19 |
18 |
18 |
0 |
27 |
28 |
Butt length |
All RRs |
15 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
9 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
Sets vs. low |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
Fraction smoked |
All RRs |
192 |
192 |
42 |
70 |
40 |
5 |
140 |
47 |
|
Sets vs. never/non |
40 |
40 |
10 |
14 |
8 |
1 |
29 |
10 |
|
Sets vs. low |
50 |
50 |
12 |
18 |
10 |
1 |
34 |
15 |
|
Non-categorical RRs |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Lung cancer type (near equivalent definitions)a |
All |
11316 |
10553 |
11316 |
0 |
0 |
760 |
7700 |
2856 |
|
Squamous |
2268 |
2038 |
0 |
2268 |
0 |
113 |
1538 |
617 |
|
Adeno |
1698 |
1532 |
0 |
0 |
1698 |
68 |
1098 |
532 |
Lung cancer type (exact definitions) |
All lung cancer |
10980 |
10247 |
10980 |
0 |
0 |
671 |
7571 |
2738 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma |
1064 |
1004 |
0 |
1064 |
0 |
66 |
710 |
288 |
|
Adenocarcinoma |
1172 |
1112 |
0 |
0 |
1172 |
64 |
726 |
382 |
|
Large cell carcinoma |
393 |
392 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
266 |
114 |
|
Small cell carcinoma |
718 |
662 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
29 |
497 |
192 |
|
Other |
223 |
173 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
48 |
103 |
72 |
Adjustment |
None |
10113 |
9266 |
6740 |
1362 |
1086 |
651 |
6613 |
2849 |
|
Sex and/or age only |
3099 |
3053 |
2423 |
264 |
234 |
132 |
2307 |
660 |
|
Other (but not sex or age) |
701 |
686 |
442 |
142 |
63 |
51 |
418 |
232 |
|
Sex and/or age plus other |
2703 |
2345 |
1711 |
365 |
315 |
197 |
1864 |
642 |
Derivation |
Original |
1853 |
1705 |
1088 |
261 |
254 |
163 |
1157 |
533 |
|
Standard calculations |
9803 |
8983 |
6701 |
1371 |
996 |
663 |
6376 |
2764 |
|
Other methods |
4960 |
4662 |
3527 |
638 |
448 |
205 |
3669 |
1086 |
|
|
|
Continent |
|
|
|
Study type |
|
|
|
|
Total |
North America |
Europe |
Asia |
Other |
Case–control |
Other |
|
All |
|
16616 |
6676 |
6122 |
2770 |
1048 |
11945 |
4671 |
|
Any product or cigarettes vs. never/non |
|
3614 |
1493 |
1163 |
771 |
187 |
2716 |
898 |
|
Cigarette only smoking vs. never/non |
|
678 |
284 |
340 |
27 |
27 |
345 |
333 |
|
Pipe/Cigar/Mixed vs. never/non |
|
769 |
380 |
327 |
39 |
23 |
428 |
341 |
|
Handrolled vs. manufactured |
|
120 |
0 |
68 |
30 |
22 |
90 |
30 |
|
Filter vs. Plain |
|
303 |
74 |
178 |
27 |
24 |
268 |
35 |
|
Menthol vs. non-menthol |
|
25 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
12 |
|
Amount smoked |
All RRs |
3627 |
1601 |
1288 |
612 |
126 |
2240 |
1387 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
1145 |
507 |
404 |
189 |
45 |
712 |
433 |
|
Age of starting |
All RRs |
1442 |
496 |
512 |
301 |
133 |
1017 |
425 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
256 |
82 |
93 |
58 |
23 |
186 |
70 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
301 |
93 |
105 |
71 |
32 |
224 |
77 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
14 |
10 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
|
Duration of smoking |
All RRs |
2337 |
939 |
706 |
462 |
230 |
1816 |
521 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
374 |
148 |
111 |
80 |
35 |
287 |
87 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
434 |
154 |
141 |
94 |
45 |
353 |
81 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
72 |
60 |
9 |
3 |
0 |
70 |
2 |
|
Years quit (vs. never) |
All RRs |
1665 |
668 |
657 |
196 |
144 |
1339 |
326 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
207 |
89 |
75 |
23 |
20 |
170 |
37 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
255 |
86 |
111 |
33 |
25 |
208 |
47 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
Years quit (vs. current) |
All RRs |
1421 |
457 |
674 |
177 |
113 |
1155 |
266 |
|
|
Sets vs. current |
251 |
76 |
112 |
36 |
27 |
213 |
38 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
244 |
84 |
102 |
31 |
27 |
198 |
46 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Tar |
All RRs |
222 |
158 |
64 |
0 |
0 |
182 |
40 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
22 |
16 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
3 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
41 |
25 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
15 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
55 |
55 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
54 |
1 |
|
Butt length |
All RRs |
15 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
2 |
15 |
0 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
3 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
Fraction smoked |
All RRs |
192 |
32 |
56 |
99 |
5 |
190 |
2 |
|
|
Sets vs. never/non |
40 |
10 |
8 |
21 |
1 |
40 |
0 |
|
|
Sets vs. low |
50 |
12 |
16 |
21 |
1 |
48 |
2 |
|
|
Non-categorical RRs |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Lung cancer type (near equivalent)a |
All |
11316 |
4879 |
3955 |
1765 |
717 |
6942 |
4374 |
|
|
Squamous |
2268 |
773 |
931 |
445 |
119 |
2131 |
137 |
|
|
Adeno |
1698 |
615 |
618 |
346 |
119 |
1601 |
97 |
|
Lung cancer type (exact definitions) |
All lung cancer |
10980 |
4654 |
3923 |
1686 |
717 |
6608 |
4372 |
|
|
Squamous carcinoma |
1064 |
205 |
433 |
307 |
119 |
1008 |
56 |
|
|
Adenocarcinoma |
1172 |
308 |
435 |
310 |
119 |
1097 |
75 |
|
|
Large cell carcinoma |
393 |
208 |
94 |
88 |
3 |
379 |
14 |
|
|
Small cell carcinoma |
718 |
148 |
427 |
108 |
35 |
669 |
49 |
|
|
Other |
223 |
53 |
97 |
18 |
55 |
223 |
0 |
|
Adjustment |
None |
10113 |
4105 |
3489 |
1847 |
672 |
8126 |
1987 |
|
|
Sex and/or age only |
3099 |
1515 |
1153 |
399 |
32 |
1216 |
1883 |
|
|
Other (but not sex or age) |
701 |
177 |
409 |
79 |
36 |
579 |
122 |
|
|
Sex and/or age plus other |
2703 |
879 |
1071 |
445 |
308 |
2024 |
679 |
|
Derivation |
Original |
1853 |
649 |
649 |
379 |
176 |
1436 |
417 |
|
|
Standard calculations |
9803 |
3865 |
3519 |
1811 |
608 |
7703 |
2100 |
|
Other methods | 4960 | 2162 | 1954 | 580 | 264 | 2806 | 2154 |
a RRs relating to all lung cancer (all), squamous cell carcinoma (squamous) or adenocarcinoma (adeno) or to a near equivalent definition.
b “never/non” indicates never smoker or non smoker.
c Sets are dose response results for an identical definition of smoking product, strata and confounding variables. Sets vs. low are sets where the RR has been calculated compared to the level with the lowest expected risk, i.e. the smallest amount smoked, or the latest age of starting. Non-categorical RRs are typically where RRs and CIs are not available, but some other information was provided.
d RRs from principal studies.