Table 1.

Influence of restricted feeding on the phase and amplitude of diurnal variations in energy balance parameters. Mice were fed standard laboratory chow in an ad libitum (Ad Lib; n=44) fashion, followed by random assignment to dark phase (DP; n=21) or light phase (LP; n=23) restricted feeding groups. All parameters were monitored continuously using a CLAMS; restricted feeding was enforced in an automated manner by a CLAMS. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. Phase is the zeitgeber time (ZT; in hours) at which the peak value in the oscillation occurs. Food intake, energy expenditure, and activity units for amplitude (i.e., peak-to-trough difference) are g, kcals/hr, and number of beam breaks, respectively.

	Phase			Amplitude
	Ad Lib	DP	LP	Ad Lib	DP	LP
Food Intake	13.9 ± 0.1	16.7 ± 0.1*	5.9 ± 0.1*$	0.04 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01*	0.06 ± 0.02
Energy Expenditure	15.7 ± 0.1	17.3 ± 0.1*	10.7 ± 0.2*$	0.18 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01$
RER	13.6 ± 0.2	18.4 ± 0.2*	8.1 ± 0.1*$	0.08 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01*	0.31 ± 0.01*$
Activity	15.4 ± 0.2	16.6 ± 0.2*	16.1 ± 0.3*	253 ± 59	634 ± 313	410 ± 95

^*p<0.05 compared to Ad Lib fed conditions (paired t-test);

^$p<0.05 for DP versus LP fed mice (unpaired t-test).