Table 3.
Differences in Association of Perceived Racial Discrimination and Lifetime Prevalence Rates of Psychopathology Between Racial Minority Groups
| Disorder | African Americans vs. Hispanics | African Americans vs. Asians | Hispanics vs. Asians | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| % | OR (95% CI); ES | % | OR (95% CI); ES | % | OR (95% CI); ES | |
| Anxiety Disorders | ||||||
| PD | 4.3 vs 5.1 | ns | 4.3 vs 1.6 | 1.92* (0.87–4.20); 0.36 | 5.1 vs 1.6 | ns |
| PDA | 2.3 vs 2.9 | ns | 2.3 vs 0.5 | 4.60* (1.52–13.95); 0.84 | 2.9 vs 0.5 | 11.25* (3.31–38.22); 1.35 |
| Ag | 2.9 vs 4.2 | 0.51 (0.29–0.90); 0.37 | 2.9 vs 0.8 | 3.03 (1.21–7.59); 0.61 | 4.2 vs 0.8 | 7.68* (2.74–21.50); 1.13 |
| GAD | 4.5 vs 4.6 | ns | 4.5 vs 2.6 | ns | 4.6 vs 2.6 | ns |
| PTSD | 9.0 vs 5.9 | 1.62 (1.07–2.44); 0.27 | 9.0 vs 1.8 | 3.89* (1.91–7.92); 0.75 | 5.9 vs 1.8 | 2.43 (1.07–5.53); 0.49 |
| SAD | 8.2 vs 8.4 | ns | 8.2 vs 6.7 | ns | 8.4 vs 6.7 | ns |
| Mood Disorders | ||||||
| MDD | 11.3 vs 16.5 | 0.60* (0.45–0.78); 0.28 | 11.3 vs 8.8 | ns | 16.5 vs 8.8 | 2.19* (1.42–3.36); 0.43 |
| Dys | 3.6 vs 3.9 | ns | 3.6 vs 2.5 | ns | 3.9 vs 2.5 | ns |
| BIP 1 | 1.4 vs 1.1 | ns | 1.4 vs 0.0 | ns | 1.1 vs 0.0 | ns |
| BIP 2 | 0.7 vs 3.4 | ns | 0.7 vs 0.0 | ns | 3.4 vs 0.0 | ns |
| Substance Use Disorders | ||||||
| AlcAb | 8.8 vs 9.6 | ns | 8.8 vs 2.9 | 2.63* (1.53–4.54); 0.53 | 9.6 vs 2.9 | 4.76* (2.46–9.22); 0.86 |
| AlcDep | 3.3 vs 4.2 | ns | 3.3 vs 0.6 | 4.42* (1.49–13.13); 0.82 | 4.2 vs 0.6 | 9.62* (2.97–31.19); 1.25 |
| DrgAb | 5.9 vs 6.1 | ns | 5.9 vs 2.1 | 2.91* (1.61–5.27); 0.59 | 6.1 vs 2.1 | 4.36* (2.12–8.96); 0.81 |
| DrgDep | 2.5 vs 2.2 | ns | 2.5 vs 0.9 | 3.25* (1.37–2.67); 0.65 | 2.2 vs 0.9 | 3.12* (1.12–8.66); 0.62 |
| Eating Disorders | ||||||
| AN | 0.2 vs 0.0 | ns | 0.2 vs 0.4 | ns | 0.0 vs 0.4 | ns |
| BN | 1.7 vs 2.9 | ns | 1.7 vs 1.0 | ns | 2.9 vs 1.0 | ns |
| BED | 1.9 vs 2.9 | 0.54 (0.31–0.91); 0.34 | 1.9 vs 1.8 | ns | 2.9 vs 1.8 | ns |
| Other | ||||||
| ADD | 5.3 vs 8.1 | ns | 5.3 vs 0.0 | ns | 8.1 vs 0.0 | ns |
| IED | 0.0 vs 6.6 | ns | 0.0 vs 3.4 | ns | 6.6 vs 3.4 | ns |
Note: The table shows odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in comparing the first group vs. the second group; ES = effect sizes;
significant after a Bonferroni correction of 0.05/57 = 0.0008; ns: not significant at p < .05. Covariates included in the regressions were SES, age, gender, and discrimination.
PD= panic disorder without agoraphobia; PDA = panic disorder with agoraphobia; Ag = Agoraphobia; GAD = generalized anxiety disorders; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; SAD = social anxiety disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; BIP1 = bipolar 1; BIPII = bipolar 2; AN = anorexia nervosa; BN = bulimia nervosa; BED = binge eating disorder; ADD = attention deficit disorder; IED = intermittent explosive disorder.