Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort by disability transition strata (n = 369)
| Variables | Improve (n = 99) | Equal (n = 112) | Decline (n = 158) | Total (n = 369) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years) [mean,SD] |
79 (7.5) |
80 (7.3) |
82 (7.8) |
81 (7.7) |
|
Female [n, (%)] |
72 (73%) |
79 (71%) |
103 (65%) |
254 (69%) |
|
Income level [n, (%)] | ||||
|
level 1 |
6 (6%) |
3 (3%) |
4 (3%) |
13 (4%) |
|
level 2 |
26 (26%) |
17 (15%) |
24 (15%) |
67 (18%) |
|
level 3 |
11 (11%) |
19 (17%) |
20 (13%) |
50 (14%) |
|
level 4 |
47 (47%) |
62 (55%) |
98 (62%) |
207 (56%) |
|
level 5 |
4 (4%) |
5 (4%) |
7 (4%) |
16 (4%) |
|
level 6 |
5 (5%) |
6 (5%) |
5 (3%) |
16 (4%) |
|
Type of LTC Services [n, (%)] | ||||
|
commuting services |
42 (43%) |
57 (51%) |
81 (51%) |
180 (49%) |
|
in-home services |
34 (34%) |
32 (29%) |
34 (22%) |
100 (27%) |
|
mixed |
23 (23%) |
23 (20%) |
43 (27%) |
89 (24%) |
|
Number of LTC Services (monthly) [n, (%)] | ||||
|
1 service |
67 (68%) |
78 (70%) |
88 (56%) |
233 (63%) |
|
2 services |
24 (24%) |
27 (24%) |
55 (35%) |
106 (29%) |
|
3+ services |
8 (8%) |
7 (6%) |
15 (9%) |
30 (8%) |
|
Utilization of LTC Services(days/month) [mean,SD] | ||||
|
commuting services |
6.9 (6.23) |
8.4 (5.26) |
9.3 (4.35) |
8.5 (5.18) |
|
in-home services |
18.4 (11.12) |
19.2 (11.86) |
24.2 (18.36) |
20.7 (14.30) |
|
mixed |
27.2 (13.23) |
26.6 (11.34) |
25.3 (12.08) |
26.1 (12.09) |
|
Utilization Rate of Benefits [mean,SD] |
0.324 (0.188) |
0.361 (0.229) |
0.472 (0.228) |
0.399 (0.228) |
|
Length-of stay in LTCI system (months) | ||||
|
(mean, [SD]) |
40 (17.32) |
29 (16.82) |
38 (17.06) |
36 (17.62) |
|
(median; [min,max]) |
39 (9–72) |
26 (6–69) |
37 (6–72) |
34 (6–72) |
|
Length-of stay in Care Level 1 (months) | ||||
|
(mean, [SD]) |
17 (13.83) |
21 (12.93) |
14 ( 10.93) |
17 (12.72) |
| (median, [ min,max]) | 12 (3–61) | 19 (5–61) | 10 ( 3–48) | 14 (3–61) |