Figure 1.

Variation in ATP levels in drug-treated parasites. Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 parasite cultures were incubated for 10 hours with 100 nM chloroquine (A), 10 mM DFMO (B), 100 nM mefloquine (C), 100 nM artemisinin (D), 100 μM ritonavir (E) or 0.1 nM gramicidin (F). At 2-hour intervals, aliquots were removed from drug exposed (solid line) and solvent control (dotted line) cultures, parasites were isolated by saponin lysis and centrifugation through a phthalate oil layer, and their ATP content determined with a luminescence based CellTitre-Glo® reagent (Promega). Individual data-points are mean luminescence values (relative light units – RLU) from three aliquots per culture processed in parallel and error bars indicate the standard deviation.