Table 3.
Acyrthosiphon pisum salivation (pattern d-E1) and passive ingestion (pattern d-E2) on an artificial diet as affected by luteolin and genistein
| Aphid activity (in min) | Control | Concentration of flavonoid (μg cm−3) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 100 | 1,000 | ||||||
| Luteolin | Genistein | Luteolin | Genistein | Luteolin | Genistein | Luteolin | Genistein | ||
| Time until first d-E1 pattern | 16.74 ± 7.36a | 20.38 ± 1.23a | 12.99 ± 0.23a | 18.18 ± 7.56a | 15.65 ± 7.77a | 46.29 ± 11.18a | 17.47 ± 7.49ab | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.00 ± 0.00b |
| Time the first d-E1 pattern | 13.53 ± 6.46a | 6.00 ± 0.08a | 8.57 ± 0.75a | 18.45 ± 5.39a | 6.77 ± 1.18a | 5.44 ± 2.17a | 2.92 ± 1.45ab | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.00 ± 0.00b |
| Total time of d-E1 pattern | 18.74 ± 6.51a | 16.29 ± 1.38a | 17.19 ± 0.82a | 31.20 ± 6.69a | 11.41 ± 2.94a | 13.57 ± 5.75ab | 9.94 ± 4.22ab | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.00 ± 0.00b |
| Time until first d-E2 pattern | 30.27 ± 7.89a | 30.88 ± 1.15a | 17.16 ± 0.52abc | 39.39 ± 7.49a | 26.79 ± 7.61ab | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 26.47 ± 9.94ac | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 0.00 ± 0.00c |
| Time the first d-E2 pattern | 24.26 ± 8.35a | 13.29 ± 2.27a | 39.86 ± 1.55a | 8.51 ± 2.10a | 11.69 ± 1.86a | 0.00 ± 0.00bc | 1.18 ± 0.42abc | 0.00 ± 0.00bc | 0.00 ± 0.00c |
| Total time of d-E2 pattern | 60.17 ± 8.36a | 19.88 ± 2.67ab | 54.00 ± 1.55ab | 16.40 ± 3.70ab | 16.39 ± 1.89ab | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 1.26 ± 0.47bc | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 0.00 ± 0.00c |
Values were derived from 2-h EPG recordings and are means ± SE; n = 10. Means in rows followed by different letters are different at P < 0.05 (Kruskal–Wallis test)