Table 3.

Concentrations of the four metal ions at the puddling sites

Prefecture	City/village	Date	Status	Concentration (mM)				Butterflies coming to puddle
				Na	K	Ca	Mg
Aomori	Aomori	2010, Jun 19	in muda	1.88	0.21	1.82	2.10	1
			in muda	3.04	0.39	10.81	2.45	1
	Nishimeya	2010, Jun 20	in sand	1.04	0.06	1.05	1.33	1
			in sand	1.90	0.08	1.00	1.38	1
Tokyo	Hinohara	2010, Jun 10	stream	0.22	0.02	0.15	0.06	2
			stream	0.20	0.02	0.28	0.06	4
			stream	0.24	0.03	0.47	0.08	2
	Hachiouji	2010, Aug 01	stream	0.24	0.05	0.48	0.04	1
			stagnant	3.66	0.29	9.24	4.78	2
			stream	0.29	0.07	0.20	0.09	2
			stream	0.29	0.04	0.51	0.17	2
			in moss	0.28	11.33	28.15	3.74	2
Kanagawa	Fujino	2010, Jul 10	stream	0.20	0.02	0.17	0.08	1
	Ôiso	2010, Jul 18	stagnant	0.42	0.04	0.74	0.37	1
			waste water	0.88	0.13	0.40	0.20	1
Shizuoka	Suntou	2010, Aug 07	stream	0.23	0.05	0.32	0.24	5
			stream	0.26	0.07	0.82	0.44	5
			stream	0.32	0.18	1.32	0.62	5
Nagano	Karuizawa	2010, Jul 06	in mud	0.39	0.22	1.06	0.30	1
			stream	0.14	0.02	0.24	0.10	1
		2012, Aug 24	in muda	3.79	0.40	10.48	1.42	1
Ishikawa	Senjou	2010, Aug 23	stream	0.32	0.03	0.37	0.15	1
			stream	0.32	0.03	0.26	0.08	1
			in mud	0.74	0.11	2.71	0.59	1
			in muda	2.47	0.26	2.24	2.05	20
			in sanda	0.84	0.06	1.55	0.54	5
			in sanda	5.99	0.95	11.29	5.91	3
Gifu	Neo	2010, Aug 24	stream	0.32	0.02	0.10	0.04	5
			stream	0.12	0.03	0.49	0.12	5
			stream	0.16	0.03	0.73	0.18	5
			stream	0.84	0.10	0.52	0.18	20
			in muda	0.06	1.28	4.16	1.82	10
		2011, Jun 04	in asha	3.63	0.56	1.78	5.08	20
Shiga	Yogo	2010, Aug 21	stream	0.35	0.03	0.46	0.07	5
			stream	0.51	0.05	0.73	0.09	5
			stream	0.38	0.07	0.92	0.14	2
			stream	2.30	0.68	1.75	0.69	10
			stream	0.21	0.05	0.35	0.12	4
Wakayama	Kibi	2010, Aug 09	stream	0.17	0.03	0.16	0.05	1
			stream	0.41	0.05	0.20	0.06	2
			in muda	2.50	0.72	13.74	3.94	5
	Shimizu	2010, Sep 12	in sanda	0.34	0.06	1.55	0.33	1
			in muda	0.69	1.23	12.27	3.13	2
	Kanaya	2010, Aug 29	stream	0.96	0.09	0.55	0.06	5
			stream	0.18	0.10	0.80	0.23	2
Hyôgo	Shisou	2010, May 03	stream	0.19	0.02	0.16	0.05	1
			stream	0.16	0.03	0.31	0.04	1
Okayama	Takahashi	2009, Aug 12	stream	0.22	0.10	0.13	0.02	1
Hiroshima	AkiÔta	2010, Aug 11	in littera	1.04	2.96	12.31	2.06	3
Shimane	Goutsu	2010, Jun 16	stream	0.52	0.04	0.21	0.13	1
			stream	0.40	0.10	0.25	0.10	1
Yamaguchi	Boushû	2010, Aug 15	stream	0.19	0.10	0.17	0.07	1
			stream	0.35	0.05	0.16	0.03	1
Fukuoka	Wakamiya	2010, Aug 13	in muda	1.10	0.87	6.44	1.68	1
			in muda	0.79	0.34	0.38	0.18	10
			stream	0.40	0.08	0.42	0.15	5
Ôita	Ôita	2010, Jul 21	stream	0.40	0.02	0.41	0.42	4
			stream	0.34	0.02	0.22	0.12	5
Kagoshima	Yamagawa	2010, Aug 27	stream	0.65	0.07	0.45	0.22	20
			stream	0.27	0.25	0.61	0.19	20
			stream	0.54	0.49	0.60	0.22	1

^aThese materials were obtained by scraping away the surface exposed to the air