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The concentration of interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α; y-axis, picograms/milliliter) measured in the epidural space overlying the L5 DRG at baseline (Time=0hr) and 3, 6 and 24 hr after the application of saline (N = 15), autologous nucleus pulposus (NP=15) or NP + a neutralizing antibody to interferon-gamma (anti-IFNγ; N=18). ### p<0.001 at T=24hr compared to T=0hr; * p<0.05 between-groups difference between NP+anti-IFNγ and saline group.
