Table 3.
Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of stroke subtypes by quintiles of total fiber and water-soluble and water-insoluble fiber intake among 26 556 men in the ATBC Study, 1985–2004
| Quintiles of fiber intake
|
P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Total fiber | ||||||
| Median, g/d | 16.1 | 20.9 | 24.7 | 28.9 | 35.8 | |
| Cerebral infarction | ||||||
| Cases, n | 578 | 524 | 560 | 523 | 517 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | 0.88 (0.79–0.99) | 0.80 (0.71–0.90) | 0.80 (0.71–0.90) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.03 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) | 0.83 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 68 | 86 | 87 | 77 | 65 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.86–1.63) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | 1.00 (0.72–1.38) | 0.85 (0.61–1.20) | 0.15 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.92–1.76) | 1.30 (0.94–1.80) | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 0.94 (0.66–1.35) | 0.37 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.92–1.79) | 1.32 (0.93–1.87) | 1.13 (0.77–1.63) | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 0.63 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 39 | 41 | 37 | 35 | 44 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 0.84 (0.53–1.33) | 1.07 (0.70–1.65) | 0.95 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.65–1.59) | 0.92 (0.58–1.46) | 0.85 (0.53–1.37) | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 0.87 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.62–1.53) | 0.84 (0.51–1.37) | 0.74 (0.44–1.26) | 0.86 (0.47–1.59) | 0.49 |
| Water-soluble fiber | ||||||
| Median, g/d | 3.8 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 7.7 | |
| Cerebral infarction | ||||||
| Cases, n | 590 | 530 | 549 | 547 | 484 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | 0.73 (0.64–0.82) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 0.91 (0.80–1.02) | 0.79 (0.69–0.89) | 0.001 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.96 (0.85–1.10) | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.17 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 66 | 98 | 88 | 65 | 66 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.40 (1.03–1.92) | 1.23 (0.89–1.69) | 0.88 (0.62–1.24) | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 0.06 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.55 (1.12–2.13) | 1.38 (0.99–1.92) | 0.98 (0.68–1.39) | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.35 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.55 (1.12–2.15) | 1.38 (0.97–1.97) | 0.98 (0.65–1.46) | 0.99 (0.62–1.59) | 0.60 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 37 | 37 | 41 | 38 | 43 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.61–1.52) | 1.05 (0.67–1.63) | 0.96 (0.61–1.51) | 1.07 (0.69–1.67) | 0.75 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 1.06 (0.67–1.68) | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) | 1.11 (0.69–1.77) | 0.66 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 0.90 (0.53–1.54) | 0.95 (0.51–1.79) | 0.86 |
| Water-insoluble fiber | ||||||
| Median, g/d | 12.2 | 16.0 | 19.1 | 22.6 | 28.3 | |
| Cerebral infarction | ||||||
| Cases, n | 577 | 537 | 534 | 528 | 526 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 0.84 (0.74–0.94) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.001 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.88 (0.76–0.99) | 0.06 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.80–1.03) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.61 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 72 | 89 | 76 | 80 | 66 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.84–1.56) | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) | 0.98 (0.71–1.34) | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) | 0.11 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 1.08 (0.78–1.51) | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) | 0.29 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.89–1.69) | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) | 0.88 (0.56–1.39) | 0.43 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | ||||||
| Cases, n | 38 | 39 | 41 | 35 | 43 | |
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) | 1.04 (0.67–1.61) | 0.86 (0.55–1.37) | 1.08 (0.70–1.67) | 0.89 |
| Multivariate RR 1 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.64–1.58) | 1.06 (0.67–1.66) | 0.88 (0.55–1.42) | 1.10 (0.70–1.75) | 0.80 |
| Multivariate RR 2 (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.60–1.52) | 0.97 (0.60–1.57) | 0.78 (0.46–1.32) | 0.89 (0.49–1.64) | 0.58 |
a
Adjusted for age and supplementation group.
b
Adjusted further for number of cigarettes smoked daily, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, histories of diabetes and coronary heart disease, leisure-time physical activity, and intakes of alcohol and total energy.
c
Adjusted further for intakes of folate and magnesium.