Table 1.
Clinic-demographic characteristics (n = 195)
| Characteristics | n (%)a |
|---|---|
| Male | 42 (21.5) |
| Mean age, yrs (range) | 46 (18–79) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Malay | 148 (76) |
| Chinese | 12 (6.6) |
| Indian | 34 (17.4) |
| Education level | |
| Primary | 41 (21) |
| Secondary | 106 (54.3) |
| Diploma | 29 (14.8) |
| University degree | 19 (9.7) |
| Medication types* | |
| ICS | 92 (47.18) |
| ICS + LABA (2 separate inhalers) | 28 (14.36) |
| ICS + LABA (1 combined inhaler) | 72 (36.92) |
| Others | 3 (1.54) |
| Asthma control levelb | |
| Controlled | 0 (0) |
| Partially controlled | 142 (72.82) |
| Uncontrolled | 53 (27.18) |
Notes:
*
ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; LABA = inhaled long-acting β2-agonist; Others includes theophylline and montelukast;
a
Unless otherwise specified;
b
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2008 Guidelines.15