Table 2.

Changes in biochemical parameters by VAL treatment for 16 weeks

Examination	Reference value	VAL treatment
		before	after
Red blood cells, ×104/mm3	430–570	312	321
Hemoglobin, g/dl	14.0–18.0	11.4	12.1
White blood cell, /mm3	4,000–9,000	3,000	3,400
Platelet, ×104/mm3	13–36	5.1	5.6
Aspartate transaminase, U/l	13–33	53	39
Alanine aminotransferase, U/l	8–42	29	20
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/l	119–229	240	281
Alkaline phosphatase, U/l	115–359	696	699
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, U/l	10–47	31	24
Total protein, g/dl	6.70–8.30	6.40	6.86
Albumin, g/dl	4.00–5.00	2.78	2.87
Prothrombin activity, %	60–130	46	62
Total bilirubin, mg/dl	0.30–1.50	1.93	2.52
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dl	8.0–22.0	17.9	14.6
Creatinine, mg/dl	0.40–0.70	0.70	0.71
Na, mmol/l	138–146	134	136
K, mmol/l	3.6–4.9	4.6	4.6
Cl, mmol/l	99–109	103	102
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	128–220	115	106
Triglyceride, mg/dl	38–207	70	49
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl	80–109	114	115
Immune reactive insulin, μU/ml	5–20	19.9	20.8
HOMA-IR	<2.5	5.60	5.90
Free fatty acids, μEq/l	100–540	981	703
Ammonia, μg/dl	12–66	46	41
APRI	N/A	3.15	2.11
Fib-4 index	N/A	12.5	10.1
AFP, ng/ml	<8.7	69.8	5.1
Lectin-reactive AFP, %	<10.0	1.1	ND

HOMA-IR = Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; N/A = not applicable; ND = not detected.