Financial and structural hardship. |
Unemployment |
Parent |
Birth, age 7, 11, 16 |
Eligible for free school lunches |
Parent, school |
Age 11, 16 |
Sharing a bed |
Parent |
Age 11, 16 |
Contact with the criminal justice system |
Parent |
Age 11, 16 |
Parental lack of interest in education |
Lack of interest in child’s education |
School |
Age 7, 11, 16 |
Hope child would leave school at the minimum age |
Parent |
Age 11, 16 |
Indicators of family dysfunction |
Family problems with tension |
Health visitor |
Age 7 |
Alcoholism, or other problems |
Health visitor |
Age 7 |
Does not get along well with parents |
Child |
Age 16 |
Lack of supportive caregiving |
Parents’ not reading to the child |
Parent |
Age 7 |
Father not taking an active role in the child’s upbringing. |
Parent |
Age 7 and 11 |
Violence/mental health/social services |
Physical neglect |
Teacher |
Age 7 and 11 |
Maladjustment |
Teacher |
Age 7 and 11 |
Mental subnormality in family |
Health visitor |
Age 7 |
Experienced Bullying |
Parent |
Age 7 and 11 |
Contact with social services |
School, Parent |
Age 7, 11, 16 |
|
Family structure disruption |
Foster care |
Parent, child |
Age 7, 11, 16, adult report |
Divorced parents |
Parent, child |
Age 7, 11, 16, adult report |
Single mother at birth |
Parent |
Birth |
Parent dead |
Parent, child, health visitor |
Age 7, 11, 16, adult report |