Table 3.
Associations between childhood hardship and smoking in pregnancy (n=4865 women)
| ORa | 95% CI | p for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Financial/structural hardship | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.43 | (1.24, 1.66) | |
| 2+ | 2.23 | (1.83, 2.71) | |
| No interest in education | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.59 | (1.37, 1.86) | |
| 2+ | 2.34 | (2.02, 2.71) | |
| missing | |||
| Family dysfunction | |||
| 0 | <0.001 | ||
| 1+ | 1.70 | (1.44, 2.01) | |
| missing | |||
| Lack of supportive caregiving | |||
| 0 | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1.33 | (1.15, 1.54) | |
| 2+ | 1.43 | (1.21, 1.70) | |
| missing | |||
| Violence/mental health issues | |||
| 0 | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1.45 | (1.27, 1.65) | |
| 2+ | 2.30 | (1.91, 2.78) | |
| Issues of family structure | |||
| 0 | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1.73 | (1.51, 1.98) | |
| Overall | |||
| 0 | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1.18 | (0.96, 1.45) | |
| 2 | 1.29 | (1.05, 1.59) | |
| 3 | 1.78 | (1.43, 2.21) | |
| 4+ | 2.96 | (2.46, 3.55) | |