Table 4.

Associations between childhood hardship, low birthweight, and preterm birth (n=4865)

	LBW						PTB
	unadjusted			Adjusted for age, body mass index, interbirth interval, smoking, social class, education, marital status			unadjusted			Adjusted for age, body mass index, interbirth interval, smoking, social class, education, marital status
	ORa	95% CI	p for trend	ORa	95% CI	p for trend	OR	95% CI	p for trend	OR	95% CI	p for trend
Financial/structural hardship
0	1		0.01	1		0.49	1		0.06	1		0.32
1	1.03	(0.82, 1.30)		0.92	(0.73, 1.17)		1.03	(0.83, 1.27)		0.99	(0.79, 1.23)
2+	1.53	(1.17, 2.00)		1.18	(0.88, 1.60)		1.34	(1.03, 1.73)		1.20	(0.90, 1.60)
No interest in education
0	1		<0.01	1		0.43	1		0.01	1		0.16
1	1.24	(0.98, 1.57)		1.09	(0.85, 1.40		1.18	(0.94, 1.49)		1.14	(0.89, 1.45)
2+	1.43	(1.16, 1.78)		1.11	(0.86, 1.43)		1.28	(1.05, 1.56)		1.17	(0.93, 1.48)
Family dysfunction
0	1		0.15	1		0.47	1		0.08	1		0.14
1+	1.21	(0.93, 1.57)		1.10	(0.85, 1.43)		1.24	(0.98, 1.58)		1.20	(0.94, 1.52)
Lack of supportive caregiving
0	1		<0.01	1		0.09	1		0.78	1
1+	1.30	(1.07, 1.58)		1.19	(0.97, 1.46)		1.03	(0.85, 1.23)		0.98	(0.81, 1.19)	0.85
Violence/mental health issues
0	1		<0.01	1		<0.01	1		<0.01	1		0.07
1	1.38	(1.12, 1.70)		1.23	(1.00, 1.52)		1.22	(1.01, 1.48)		1.16	(0.95, 1.42)
2+	1.90	(1.47, 2.47)		1.48	(1.12, 1.96)		1.39	(1.08, 1.79)		1.24	(0.94, 1.63)
Issues of family structure
0	1		0.09	1		0.71	1		<0.01	1		0.03
1+	1.21	(0.97, 1.50)		1.04	(0.83, 1.31)		1.33	(1.09, 1.61)		1.25	(1.02, 1.54)
Number of Hardships
0	1		<0.01	1		0.02	1		<0.01	1		0.02
1	1.28	(0.92, 1.78)		1.26	(0.90, 1.77)		1.14	(0.84, 1.55)		1.14	(0.84, 1.55)
2	1.47	(1.05, 2.06)		1.39	(0.99, 1.96)		1.43	(1.06, 1.93)		1.41	(1.03, 1.91)
3	1.33	(0.93, 1.91)		1.19	(0.82, 1.74)		1.23	(0.88, 1.71)		1.19	(0.85, 1.67)
4+	1.93	(1.46, 2.55)		1.52	(1.11, 2.09)		1.56	(1.21, 2.01)		1.45	(1.09, 1.93)

^aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval